@article { author = {Abd El Raouf, Moamen E.}, title = {COMPACTION–INDUCED STRESS IN GEOSYNTHETIC REINFORCED SOIL WALLS}, journal = {JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences}, volume = {47}, number = {No 4}, pages = {451-460}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Assiut University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-0530}, eissn = {2356-8550}, doi = {10.21608/jesaun.2019.109854}, abstract = {Compaction equipment worked behind the retaining walls causes additional lateral earth pressures acting on the wall. The effect of compaction-induced stress (CIS) usually neglected when designing the retaining walls. Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soil walls (GRS walls) have increasing popularity in Egypt in the last years. The earth pressure at the facing of a Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil wall (GRS wall) is different from that in the natural soil. The internal lateral pressure in the GRS soil is governed by compaction-induced stresses (CIS) and additional confining effects that the reinforcement provides to the soil. The compaction-induced stress for GRS wall is difficult to be predicted during the design stage because it depends on the characteristics of compaction equipment and other factors. The objectives of the research are:1) Studying the effect of compact the backfill of GRS wall by vibratory plates on the internal stability, the external stability, and the foundation soil for GRS wall. 2) Evaluating the performance of the various types of vibratory plates which used to compact the backfill for GRS wall. So, a finite element analysis using GEO5 program was used to achieve these objectives. Finally, the recommendations for the design and construction of GRS walls were highlighted.}, keywords = {Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soil,compaction-induced stresses,Vibratory plates,and compaction}, url = {https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_109854.html}, eprint = {https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_109854_db6100c0b7c0ae7b3625d49e521204e5.pdf} } @article { author = {Abozeid, Gamal and E. Mohamed, Waeel and M. E. Osman, Nehal}, title = {EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON BED SCOUR AND ITS PROTECTION BEHIND STANDING WAVE WEIRS CONSIDERING COMBINED FLOW OVER WEIR CRESTAND BOTTOM PIPES}, journal = {JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences}, volume = {47}, number = {No 4}, pages = {461-474}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Assiut University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-0530}, eissn = {2356-8550}, doi = {10.21608/jesaun.2019.115495}, abstract = {Weirs may be used for measuring of canals discharge, decreasing water slope in canals and distribution of water to canals for irrigation. To empty the water of upstream canal during the maintenance or constructing new water structures and escaping the silt accumulated to downstream, a bottom pipes are installed in weir body near canal bed. Recently, with increasing the demands of water to downstream, a part of flow is passing through the bottom pipes in addition to over weir flow. Most of previous studies concentrate on estimating discharge coefficient of combined flow. However little information are available on scour downstream of this combined flow. So, the objectives of this research are to experimentally investigate the influence of using bottom openings for passing flow with that falling over weir crest on the geometry of scour hole downstream and on the estimation of minimum solid bed length to prevent this scour. The experimental program was performed in a rectangular flume in two categories. Each category was for weir model without working pipes and weir model with two synchronic working bottom pipes with weirs over-flow on scouring. In the first category, solid bed length behind the weir model was chosen to be 600 mm and the analysis are based on scour hole dimensions and its location behind the model, while the second category is for estimating the minimum solid bed length behind the weir model to prevent scour. Top surface slope of the weir is chosen to be 5:1 and 10:1for both studied categories. The model of the weir is followed by a solid apron following by sand basin. The mean diameter of sand is kept constant at 0.502mm. The channel bed slope is kept constant at 0.0001, while the discharge and flow depth downstream were varied to cover the required range of Froude number in Egyptian canals. The study revealed that: Using bottom pipes for passing flow with that falls over weir crest helps in reducing scour dimensions behind the weir, as well as reducing the required length of solid bed which considered bed protection. It also found that the required minimum length of solid apron behind the weir to prevent scour is greater than the summation of an arbitrary solid length and the length of scour hole formed downstream of it. Moreover the results showed that the predicted length of scour behind the weir with top surface slope 10:1 is greater than that for 5:1 especially for solid weir with low discharges and low head differences. Empirical formulas in a power function are developed in dimensionless forms for estimating the protected length against scour and the scour dimensions. On the other hand, the comparative analysis with previous studies revealed that the minimum solid bed length behind the weir to prevent scour is greater than the estimated one by using a velocity distribution approach.}, keywords = {Scour,Standing Wave Weirs,bottom pipes,Combined Flow and Minimum floor Length}, url = {https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115495.html}, eprint = {https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115495_53b571ad0b815374f65eb6882a994c13.pdf} } @article { author = {Abozeid, Gamal and E. Eldardeer, Mohamed and A. Elmohands, Aya}, title = {INFLUENCE OF INFLOW SEWAGE CHARACTERISTICS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF TAHTA WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS IN COMPARISON WITH THE DESIGN ONES}, journal = {JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences}, volume = {47}, number = {No 4}, pages = {475-492}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Assiut University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-0530}, eissn = {2356-8550}, doi = {10.21608/jesaun.2019.115496}, abstract = {TAHTA waste water treatment plant is a (WSPs) constructed for treatment the domestic waste water of TAHTA city which located at a latitude of 26˚42' N and a longitude of 31˚41'E and it is about 91.00 m above the sea level. The performance of TAHTA plant along the three years of study period is estimated in the form of a comparison between the results of the total system or its components with the allowable values of the studied parameters, or in a relation between the input and the output of these parameters as efficiency. The final effluent characteristics are compared with the designed ones and with those recommended by Egyptian Code of Practice (ECP) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) for re-use of water treated by this type of treatment. The existing operation is considered as unrealistic because of the deviation of its input flow parameters from the designed ones. The plant ponds were designed for full capacity flow rates, recommended influent BOD, etc. So, this research aiming to: 1) Evaluate the performance of the plant under existing operation conditions. 2) Examine whether the treated water quality in the range of standards set by (ECP) for this type of treatment. 3) Identify the problems associates with the plant. 4) Suggest ways to improve the performance of the treatment plant. The study is performed experimentally where the daily sampling and laboratory analysis were carried out according the standard specifications. The study revealed that 1) Plant system is working satisfactory in the period of study to fulfil the requirement of use its treated water in irrigating forest trees which is the one of its construction purposes. 2) As the performance of the plant did not meet the design one at the operation parameters such as low flow rate and low coming BOD5 loadings for treating some parameters due to sludge accumulation in anaerobic ponds, or because the incoming rate of sewage in 2016 is higher than the plant design capacity. So; a) Sludge accumulated in anaerobic ponds should be removed when its depth reaches 1.00 m according the design recommendations or when it is one half full of the sludge by volume [13]. b) Flow distribution should be checked to be uniform otherwise a short circuiting problem is faced. c) Inflow rate must be checked otherwise, to receive more of sewage inflow coming from the surround area than its design capacity some modifications may be used to improve (WSPs) efficiency. 3) According to (ECP) and (FAO) recommendation, the treated wastewater from TAHTA plant is acceptable for re-used in the irrigation of wooden tree forests.}, keywords = {Sewage Characteristics,Treatment,Stabilization Ponds,performance,TAHTA Plant}, url = {https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115496.html}, eprint = {https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115496_644ed6622f13db4e6bb25edd5931cb86.pdf} } @article { author = {Abo-Elfadl, Saleh and Abdulmoez, Muhammad and . M. Nassib, A}, title = {SIMULATION MODELING OF A DUAL FUEL (NATURAL GAS-DIESEL) ENGINE USING EARLY DIRECT INJECTION TECHNIQUE OF NATURAL GAS}, journal = {JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences}, volume = {47}, number = {No 4}, pages = {493-512}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Assiut University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-0530}, eissn = {2356-8550}, doi = {10.21608/jesaun.2019.115498}, abstract = {The research for alternative fuels increased rapidly to mitigate the pollution problems resulting from using conventional fuels in internal combustion engines. Natural gas (NG) appears the most promising alternative due to its low prices and availability around the world.In this paper, a two-zone, zero-dimensional (0-D) model for the simulation of dual fuel NG-diesel engine is developed to study the performance of the engine with a proposed technique of NG early direct injection. The model is composed of several sub-models that are based on semi-empirical formulas. NG is modeled as being directly injected at the beginning of the compression stroke. The model is applied to study the performance of HELWAN M-114 diesel engine using dual fuel of NG and diesel fuels as a case study.The results indicate that using NG early direct injection technique (EDI) results in increasing the volumetric efficiency and hence the brake power of the engine compared to the intake manifold induction (IMI) of NG with air through the intake manifold. The percentage increase in brake power is 8.7% at NG mass ratio in the total fuel (the supplement ratio (SR)) of 90% at full load. To evaluate the proposed technique, results obtained by varying the engine load and the SR. Results indicate that the slow burning rate of NG results in decrease in the brake thermal efficiency by 3.5% and increases in brake specific fuel consumption with a percentage of 10.2% at 90% SR and full load. However, a great advantage of increasing the SR is the reduction in NOx and soot emissions particularly at high engine loads where they were reduced with percentages of 28.6% and 86%, respectively at 90% SR and full load condition.}, keywords = {dual fuel engine,Direct injection,Natural gas,supplement ratio}, url = {https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115498.html}, eprint = {https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115498_8c5f30be13b7f8151541149e806660f0.pdf} } @article { author = {Mahmoud Nagy, Ahmed}, title = {BICYCLES LANES - CASE STUDY OF SHEIKH ZAYED CITY}, journal = {JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences}, volume = {47}, number = {No 4}, pages = {513-525}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Assiut University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-0530}, eissn = {2356-8550}, doi = {10.21608/jesaun.2019.115502}, abstract = {With rising in the fuel prices and increasing in the carbon dioxide (Co2) pollution, Bicycles are becoming more and more needed as a cheap and healthy transportation, which requires redesigning the streets so that the bicycles can be accessibility as a safely transportation method. Where the Problematic of the research there is not safe bicycles lanes separated from the movement of the vehicles. Therefore, the researcher studied the case of Sheikh Zayed City for the purpose of evaluating the experience that carried out and knowing the advantage and disadvantage to reach the conclusions and recommendations.}, keywords = {Bicycles lanes,Bicycles culture,Bicycles accessibility}, url = {https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115502.html}, eprint = {https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115502_f41bb0c59988b4c20a31c796f646d05c.pdf} } @article { author = {Refaat, Tamer and Hussien, Ehab}, title = {GREEN BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING (BIM) AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT CASE STUDY: UNIVERSITY OF CANADA, THE NEW ADMINISTRATIVE CAPITAL, CAIRO, EGYPT}, journal = {JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences}, volume = {47}, number = {No 4}, pages = {526-537}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Assiut University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-0530}, eissn = {2356-8550}, doi = {10.21608/jesaun.2019.115507}, abstract = {As a result of the political and economic developments taking place in Egypt to keep peace with other countries, the New Administrative Capital City is a beginning to achieve progress not only economically and socially but also environmentally. The project depends on meeting the user’s social, cultural and economic needs without harming the surrounding natural environment and by using renewable energy to achieve the principles of sustainability and green architecture.The aim of this research is to study the design and the effect of the New Administrative Capital City in economic and environmental, and how it achieves sustainability through urban design and detailed design. Also, discusses the different views of the project either positive or negative, with clear responses to negative views. Finally, it shows how could the New Administrative Capital City could be as a model to any designer want to create sustainable and ecofriendly city.}, keywords = {Sustainable Development,New Administrative Capital City,Green BIM}, url = {https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115507.html}, eprint = {https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115507_c09be70e671ebc4eaea0b8f1292db709.pdf} } @article { author = {Hassan S. Abdelhalem, Sara and Mustafa A. Amri, Nady and bdelmontaleb M. Ali., Ahmed}, title = {ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS OF A DAY-CARE BUILDING IN EGYPT BY LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT TOOL}, journal = {JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences}, volume = {47}, number = {No 4}, pages = {538-550}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Assiut University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-0530}, eissn = {2356-8550}, doi = {10.21608/jesaun.2019.115511}, abstract = {This paper aims to measure the footprint for construction materials and construction and demolition waste (CDW) environmental impacts for a case study building in Egypt through the complete Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the building ‘from cradle to grave’. The LCA measures eight impact categories, including carbon emissions and energy demand. Our analysis demonstrates the relative importance of life cycle stages; construction processes and materials manufacturing that make the largest contributions to the buildings’ environmental impacts. The results show that the material manufacturing stage is the most critical stage because of its high contribution (about 70%) of the total environmental impacts. On the other hand the disposal stage contributes (about -10%). The results can help engineers and construction industry stakeholders in Egypt to use more sustainable construction materials and change their CDW management practice.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115511.html}, eprint = {https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115511_e0d0fa92ea5f228decb2cdd3652592d0.pdf} } @article { author = {Mahmoud Rafaat, Nermin and Aldin Kamal Mahrous, Essam and Hashim Abdel Rahman, Ayman}, title = {INCREASING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HOUSING COOPERATIVES IN HOUSING PROVISION FOR THE LOW INCOME IN EGYPT (WITH A FOCUS ON INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES WORKERS)}, journal = {JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences}, volume = {47}, number = {No 4}, pages = {551-564}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Assiut University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-0530}, eissn = {2356-8550}, doi = {10.21608/jesaun.2019.115513}, abstract = {Cooperative housing represents one of the practical fields of cooperative thought. Theoretically, cooperative housing is one of the key pillars of solving housing problem for the low income in Egypt. Egyptian legislations gave many governmenttal facilities to support housing cooperative. However the practical side refers to the ineffectiveness role of cooperative housing in housing provision for the low income in Egypt, especially those who work in the industrial companies. This represents the research problem. Thus, the research aim is to find out the challenges facing cooperative housing system in Egypt.The main research question is: "why does not cooperative housing play an effective role in solving housing problem for the low-income in Egypt especially those who work in the industrial companies? This paper assumes two possible answers to this question. The first possibility is inadequate framework governing the cooperative housing sector. The second possible reason belongs to customer attitude and behavior towards housing cooperatives.The research adopted the analytical approach to understand the cooperative housing system in Egypt e.g. its principles, sources of financing, its performance and achievements, challenges and suggested solutions. Also, a short questionnaire was conducted to discover the opinions of a sample of some industrial workers. The questionnaire focused on validating the second research hypothesis regarding the customer behaviors with housing cooperatives and their ability to meet their obligations.}, keywords = {Housing,cooperative housing,Egypt,low income housing,industrial companies workers}, url = {https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115513.html}, eprint = {https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115513_a4195de6c9ed1521e23b628ca9b6d060.pdf} } @article { author = {Nasralden Mandeli, Khalid}, title = {SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND GOVERNANCE IN SAUDI CITIES}, journal = {JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences}, volume = {47}, number = {No 4}, pages = {565-584}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Assiut University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-0530}, eissn = {2356-8550}, doi = {10.21608/jesaun.2019.115515}, abstract = {The dramatic development of urban and rural areas in Saudi Arabia over the last five decades resulted in enormous stresses on natural and man-made habitats across several regions. This led to serious environmental problems which pose challenges for environmental sustainability. Although the government has made steady progress in environmental protection by establishing a legal regime to handle it, sustainable development has not yet been achieved due to inadequate urban planning and management schemes that inadequately address accelerated urbanization. This paper explores the attitudes of experienced professionals and officials in urban and environmental planning towards the quality of environmental sustainability in Saudi cities. This research aims to discuss institutional arrangements and mechanisms for environmental sustainability, highlighting key challenges and opportunities to shape action. The researcher also discusses recent reform initiatives of Saudi Vision 2030 promoting urban governance. Broadly speakinghe, the investigation – which is based on extensive literature review, documentary analysis and a qualitative survey – notes that, a holistic approach to sustainability governance is urgently needed. This can help integrate the agendas of the multiple actors and agencies involved.}, keywords = {urbanization,Urban Planning,Environmental sustainability,Sustainable Development,urban governance,Saudi Arabia}, url = {https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115515.html}, eprint = {https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115515_ed52746162b17f22e5e49b2d2a2e085b.pdf} }