@article { author = {Elbadawy, Norhan and Elagami, Mohanad}, title = {Generations of Intelligent Architecture and the Future of Smart Schools in Egypt between Reality and Hope. أجيال العمارة الذکية ومستقبل المدارس الذکية في مصر بين الواقع والمأمول}, journal = {JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences}, volume = {49}, number = {No 2}, pages = {131-155}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Assiut University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-0530}, eissn = {2356-8550}, doi = {10.21608/jesaun.2021.59088.1029}, abstract = {In the early eighties of the last century, information technology was integrated into buildings, and the result of this merger appeared in what is known as smart buildings, and until recently, smart building technologies were intended to employ computer technologies, communication means and knowledge in integrating building systems, until the concept of responding to the desires of users appeared, Hence, the concept of smart buildings became buildings that respond to user requirements. The research presents the concept of smart architecture in different times and places and an explanation of the most important characteristics of smart architecture and the extent of the need for smart buildings in our lives, where the needs and necessities have multiplied to the existence of an advanced smart system for multiple uses with the help of the development of modern technologies and technology in various fields. The research clarifies the elements of the smart system and the idea of ​​work and the concept of integration in smart systems, and through the identification of the generations of smart architecture, the historical development of smart architecture can be divided from the beginning of its emergence in the eighties until now through three generations. The research is concerned with the topic of (smart) green schools, which can act as an educational tool for environmental education and help the new generation to develop the skills needed to address environmental problems and preserve natural resources. The research focuses on identifying the general characteristics of green schools and the criteria for their establishment by presenting and Analyzing a model of green schools, which is considered one of the ten best smart schools in the world. The research discusses the possibility of applying smart architecture in educational buildings in Egypt by presenting and analyzing a model of modern Egyptian schools that can benefit from its experience to find out the available capabilities and reach to some solutions and to define the standards that must be applied in Egyptian schools from the environmental point of view to reduce energy consumption and from the design aspect, and to define the role of government agencies. ملخص عربي: في أوائل الثمانينيات من القرن الماضي تم دمج تکنولوجيا المعلومات بالمباني، وظهر نتاج هذا الاندماج فيما يعرف بالمباني الذکية، وإلى عهد قريب کان يقصد بتقنيات المباني الذکية هو توظيف تقنيات الحاسب الآلي ووسائل الاتصال والمعرفة في دمج أنظمة المبني، إلي ان ظهر مفهوم الاستجابة لرغبات المستخدمين، ومن هنا اصبح مفهوم المباني الذکية انها هي المباني المستجيبة لمتطلبات المستخدمين .يعرض البحث مفهوم العمارة الذکية باختلاف الزمان والمکان و شرح لأهم صفات العمارة الذکية ومدي الحاجة الي المباني الذکية في حياتنا، حيث تعددت الحاجات والضروريات الى وجود منظومة ذکية متطورة لاستخدامات متعددة بمساعدة تطور التقنيات والتکنولوجيا الحديثة بمختلف المجالات.البحث يوضح عناصر النظام الذکي وفکرة عمل ومفهوم التکامل في النظم الذکية، ومن خلال التعرف علي أجيال العمارة الذکية يمکن تقسيم التطور التاريخي للعمارة الذکية منذ بداية ظهورها في الثمانينيات وحتى الاَن خلال ثلاثة أجيال. يهتم البحث بموضوع المدارس الخضراء )الذکية( والتي يمکن أن تعمل کأداة تربوية للتعليم البيئي، وأيضا مساعدة الجيل الجديد على تطوير المهارات اللازمة لمعالجة المشاکل البيئية والحفاظ على الموارد الطبيعية. يرکز البحث علي التعرف علي الخصائص العامة للمدارس الخضراء ومعايير انشائها وذلک من خلال عرض وتحليل نموذج من المدارس الخضراء و التي تعتبر من افضل عشرة مدارس ذکية على مستوي العالم .يناقش البحث مدي امکانية تطبيق العمارة الذکية في المباني التعليمية في مصر من خلال عرض و تحليل نموذج من المدارس المصرية الحديثة والتي يمکن الاستفادة من تجربتها للوقوف على الإمکانات المتاحة والتوصل الى بعض الحلول وتحديد المعايير التي يجب تطبيقها في المدارس المصرية من الناحية البيئية لتقليل استهلاک الطاقة ومن الناحية التصميمة وتحديد دور الجهات الحکومية.}, keywords = {KEYWORDS: Intelligent Architecture - Generations of Intelligent Architecture - Green school buildings - Green school design standards. العمارة الذکية,أجيال العمارة الذکية,المباني المدرسية الخضراء,معايير تصميم المدارس الخضراء}, url = {https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_144942.html}, eprint = {https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_144942_741f79b69252b34bccacfaa8d879aab7.pdf} } @article { author = {Al-Tamimi, Nedhal}, title = {Cost Benefit Analysis of Applying Thermal Insulation Alternatives to Saudi Residential Buildings}, journal = {JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences}, volume = {49}, number = {No 2}, pages = {156-177}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Assiut University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-0530}, eissn = {2356-8550}, doi = {10.21608/jesaun.2021.50485.1021}, abstract = {Given the rapidly increasing number of air-conditioned buildings, the electricity demand in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has increased during the past decade. Efficient thermal insulation is extremely important for energy efficiency and sustainability, especially with the country’s hot-arid climate. This study explores the law of diminishing returns when improving the conservation level of residential buildings by using case study simulation. Specifically, this study aims to identify alternative positions for the insulation material and the optimum thickness for the three proposed strategies (on the roof only, on the walls only and on the roof and walls) in accordance with the energy efficiency index defined in the thermal insulation regulation of the KSA. Moreover, this study uses the life cycle cost model to manage the optimum number of insulation levels. This study also uses DesignBuilder energy simulation tool to estimate the energy performance and the environmental impact of a sample prototype villa with a gross area of 238 m2 in Najran City. The optimum insulation thickness is defined based on the cost benefits of the extruded polystyrene material (XPS) over its lifetime. Results show that the optimum insulation thicknesses of 8, 4 and 6 cm must be applied on the roof only, the walls only and the roof and walls. These alternatives can lead to reductions of 19.14%, 7.51% and 29.77% on annual energy consumption, respectively. A substantial reduction on CO2 emission is also achieved. Finally, the payback period in the three optimum alternatives are 3.73, 12.14 and 6.39 years, respectively.}, keywords = {Building thermal insulation,A/C energy consumption,Building life cycle cost,Cost-benefit analysis,DesignBuilder}, url = {https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_147213.html}, eprint = {https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_147213_e7a0f6a13eba327e6c828a2df831ac58.pdf} } @article { author = {ANWAR, Mohamed and Makhlouf, Aly}, title = {PERFORMANCE OF FLY ASH CONCRETE AGAINST SULFATE ATTACK}, journal = {JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences}, volume = {49}, number = {No 2}, pages = {178-197}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Assiut University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-0530}, eissn = {2356-8550}, doi = {10.21608/jesaun.2021.53250.1024}, abstract = {In this research, the effect of using fly ash on sulfate resistance of concrete was investigated. Studied mixes in this work are part of a research project that investigates the influence of using binary and ternary cementitious materials on different properties of concrete. In this paper, three groups of concrete mixtures were studied; each group includes three mixes. The concrete mix proportions were adjusted to produce concrete with certain values of air content and slump. The used water / binder material ratios were 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6. Concrete samples were cured in water until testing day. After 28 days of water curing, samples were immersed in sodium sulfate solution for 6 months. The hardened concrete properties were investigated through destructive and nondestructive tests at various samples’ age. The research results showed that using fly ash improved the resistance of concrete to sulfate attack. Therefore, with considerable proportions, using fly ash in concrete industry improves the performance of concrete for sulfate resistance and its durability.}, keywords = {Concrete,Sulfate resistance,Water to binder material ratio,Portland Cement,Fly Ash}, url = {https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_148882.html}, eprint = {https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_148882_107d284a5c9f8a2f39b1e622c036b91f.pdf} } @article { author = {Omar, Mohamed and Abdelrhman, Yasser and M. Hassab, Ibrahim and M. Khierldeen, wael}, title = {EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND FLEXURAL RIGIDITY OF EPOXY GRANITE COMPOSITE MATERIAL}, journal = {JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences}, volume = {49}, number = {No 2}, pages = {198-214}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Assiut University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-0530}, eissn = {2356-8550}, doi = {10.21608/jesaun.2021.61303.1033}, abstract = {In Egypt, large quantities of coarse granite wastes are produced annually during the quarrying operations of granite rocks. This waste represents a potentially useful source of material for a variety of applications such as a filler material in epoxy granite composite material. In this work a new eco-friendly composite material studied as a substitute for machine tools traditional materials, like cast iron, to produce better efficiency with lower cost. This study aims to investigate the mechanical properties of granite epoxy composite by using the local epoxy (kemapoxy 150) and the granite residues in the Egyptian quarries. The investigated processing variable was epoxy content, and the mechanical characterization ware carried out by compressive and flexural tests according to the ASTM standard method B. Commercially available, Aswan red granite was procured, crushed, and sieved to three size ranges from 0.150 to 8 mm, respectively. Epoxy ratios of 80:20, 85:15 have been used with granite aggregate size mix with small, medium, and coarse size proportions of 50:25:25 respectively for preparing the specimens with granite granular size range (0.150-8) mm. The results show that Epoxy granite composite with granite to epoxy ratio of 80:20% wt. induced the highest compressive strength (72.15 MPa) while the composite with the ratio of 85:15% wt. induced the highest flexural strength (20.1 MPa). Epoxy granite composite show superior results with respect to cement concrete, polyester concrete, and natural granite.}, keywords = {Epoxy-Granite,Composite materials,Compressive strength,Flexural rigidity,Resin ratio}, url = {https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_155876.html}, eprint = {https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_155876_f01cee6e2f13c9e02e5e11047a3f69fd.pdf} } @article { author = {Diab, Hesham and Khaled, Tarek and Rashwan, Mohamed}, title = {Flexural behavior of RC continuous T-beams reinforced with hybrid CFRP/ steel bars (experimental and numerical study)}, journal = {JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences}, volume = {49}, number = {No 2}, pages = {215-247}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Assiut University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-0530}, eissn = {2356-8550}, doi = {10.21608/jesaun.2021.64888.1034}, abstract = {This study presents experimental and numerical investigations to understand the response and failure of hybrid RC continuous T-beams reinforced in flexure by both Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) bars and steel bars at sagging and hogging regions. Three RC continuous T-beams were constructed experimentally and studied to discuss three parameters which are the type of reinforcement material, the relation between sagging and hogging reinforcement, and the moment redistribution. The control beam was reinforced with steel rebars that have been designed to fail in flexure. The second beam was reinforced with hybrid CFRP/ steel bars at the sagging and hogging regions. The sagging region of the third one was reinforced with steel bars while the hogging region was reinforced with CFRP bars. All critical sections at the tested specimens are designed to have the same axial stiffness for the reinforcement bars. Experimental results revealed that the moment redistribution ratio and mode of failure depend on the type of reinforcement bars and using the hybrid bars at both critical regions helped to control the serviceability limits of the beams.This study also suggests and validates a 3D numerical model to simulate the performance and failure of hybrid reinforced RC continuous T-beams using the finite element (FE) software “ANSYS”. The results agreed with the experimental observations that indicated significant effect of the type of reinforcement material at sagging and hogging regions on the failure mode and the redistribution of the moment of the RC continuous beams.}, keywords = {Continuous Beams,hybrid reinforcement,CFRP bars,moment redistribution,numerical}, url = {https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_157605.html}, eprint = {https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_157605_31bd4173dda65c5c14ae2546d38709ba.pdf} }