ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
FATE OF HEAVY METALS AND NUTRIENTS IN WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS IN ARID ZONES
An existing system of natural waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) in El-Qusiyyah city, Upper Egypt was monitored through one year to evaluate the fate of heavy metals and nutrients included in wastewater. The plant treats domestic wastewater with design daily flow rate of 40,000 m^3 and stills hydraulically under-loaded. It comprises two parallel lines each consists of anaerobic, facultative, and four maturation ponds in series. Variations of some physicochemical parameters (T,pH,DO,〖BOD〗_5,and TSS) along the ponds system were observed and evaluated. Evaporated water from ponds and its impacts were assessed. Concentration changes of four heavy metal ions (〖Al〗^(3+),〖Zn〗^(2+),〖Cr〗^(6+),and 〖Cu〗^(2+)) and various forms of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) along the treatment line were observed. The treatment plant was found to be working well regarding to the investigated physicochemical parameters. General decrease in heavy metals and nutrients concentration along the wastewater stream in the plant was observed. The overall removal efficiency for 〖Al〗^(3+),〖Zn〗^(2+),〖Cr〗^(6+),and 〖Cu〗^(2+) was found to be 80.62%, 69.69%, 72.99%, and 71.53%, respectively. The system showed moderate overall removal efficiencies for total nitrogen and phosphorous as 68.56% and 39.37%, respectively. Based on national and international standards, the results of heavy metals and nutrients out of the treatment plant showed the effluent suitability for agricultural irrigation regarding to the studied parameters.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_110661_b82409c4825429551e7d4b6b92fb7ebe.pdf
2017-01-01
1
16
10.21608/jesaun.2017.110661
Wastewater treatment
Waste stabilization ponds
Heavy Metals Removal
Nutrients Removal
Evaporation in arid zones
Agriculture reuse
Ali A.M.
Gad
aligad1964@gmail.com
1
Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmed M. A.
Abdalla
2
Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
CONTRACTION EFFECT UPSTREAM ABUTMENTS ON VELOCITY AND SCOUR: EXPERIMENTALAND THEORETICAL STUDY USING IRIC SOFTWARE
This paper studies scour features and velocity field using experimental and numerical models atrectangular piers under influence of contraction upstream abutments. A bridge model of two ventsof 8cm width each is built to conduct experiments. Extra-piles are proposed upstream rectangularabutments. Different relative extensions of piles are tested. In addition, a new abutment of a relativewidth ranges within 0.0 to 1.25was proposed instead of piles. The flume’s dimensions are 40cmwidth, 20 cm deepness and 400cm length. Some design rules are deduced to reduce scour upstreamrectangular piers. Cases of locating piles upstream abutments are simulated numerically usingSToRM solver in iRIC software. The numerical results indicate that, piles of a relative extension tovent width = 4.812 produce the minimal flow velocity near rectangular piers.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_116082_6cbb86c0390c9c381649cc82a10a324c.pdf
2017-01-01
17
27
10.21608/jesaun.2017.116082
experiments
numerical
simulations
Scour
iRIC and SToRM solver
Maha
R. Fahmy
1
Water Eng. and Water Structures Depart., Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Egypt,
AUTHOR
Mohamed
A. Nassar
2
Department of Construction Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Qunfudhah, Umm Al- Qura University, KSA, On leave from Water Engineering and Water Structures Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS PREDICTION MODEL USING FUZZY LOGIC: ASWAN DESERT ROAD CASE STUDY
Transportation system plays an important role in human life and is one of the main indicators of the standard of living. Traffic accidents represent a major problem threatening people’s lives, health, and property. Also, these accidents on roads can threat the management of transportation system. Being unsafe, this system will be unable to work properly. Therefore, traffic accidents prediction models may help for understanding accident causes and the number of their occurrence under certain circumstances.This study aims at developing a prediction model for Aswan western desert road by using fuzzy logic which is known for its benefits in dealing with uncertainty problems. This is to be carried out by the use of actual accident data obtained from the Egyptian General Authority for Roads, Bridges, and Land Transport (GARBLT) with survey data for pavement conditions, traffic flow presented as average hourly traffic per lane (AHTL), speed, minor access, traffic signs conditions and road width which are the inputs of the model.Several types of model were developed using the Poisson regression model, negative binomial regression model and negative multinomial model based on generalized linear regression technique. On the contrary, the relationship between an accident and the influencing factors is nonlinear and complicated and the using of fuzzy is preferable because fuzzy logic system is good for dealing with nonlinear input and output relationship. The overall results of the study reveal that the predicted results using the proposed fuzzy logic system produce accurate and stable traffic accident predictions.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_116084_be3b0cb5e366fd553d0449160e8a2198.pdf
2017-01-01
28
44
10.21608/jesaun.2017.116084
Accidents
prediction model
Fuzzy Logic
Mohammed
Gaber
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University
AUTHOR
Amr
Mohamed Wahaballa
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University
AUTHOR
Ayman
Mahmoud Othman
3
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University
AUTHOR
Aboelkasim
Diab
adiab@aswu.edu.eg
4
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
PROPERTIES OF AL/CU BIMETALLIC PLATE PREPARED BY P/M TECHNIQUE: SINTERING TEMPERATURE EFFECT
The goal of this work was to fabricate an aluminum/copper powder metallurgy bimetal plates at various sintering temperature ranging between 300oC and 600oC. Microstructure and properties for sintering specimens were performed to appreciate the effect of sintering temperature on the final Al/Cu bimetal properties. Three intermetallic compounds (IMCs) were detected (Al2Cu, Al4Cu9 and AlCu) between Al. and Cu. interface. Cracks were obtained for the specimens that were sintered at 600oC, lead to weaken and separation of the Al/Cu plates. The maximum strength for bonding was measured for the specimens that were sintered at 500oC. For the samples which sintered at 500oC, the lower electrical resistivity was detected where the good sintering was occurred for this specimen.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_116086_fbdc5045f2e2b06e9a86da57c2bbac7f.pdf
2017-01-01
45
59
10.21608/jesaun.2017.116086
Bimetal plate
Powder metallurgy
intermetallic compound
bond strength
volume shrinkage
Moataz
H. Ata
moatzata@yahoo.com
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Education, Sohag University, 82524 Sohag, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
MEASUREMENT OF TENSILE PROPERTIES OF WELDED DISSIMILAR MATERIAL AT HIGH STRAIN RATE USING SPLIT HOPKINSON PRESSURE BAR ARRANGEMENT
Modern industrial and constructional applications require clear understanding of engineering material behavior under dynamic loading conditions especially for junction with dissimilar material. The most accurate method available for studying dynamic behavior accurately Split Hopkinson, however the compression nature of the test hinder the usage of this technique of split Hopkinson pressure bars which was designed to characterize compressive load material behavior. Many trial were made to modify SHPB gain the capability of loading samples in uniaxial tension using different construction modifications. However most of these trails failed to provide the adequate condition of wave motions and neglected the losses due to geometrical arrangement. In this work a simple method was proposed and executed to produce a tensile wave in the Hopkinson bar and use it to measure the tensile properties of material. The uniaxial tension load was applied with the help of a double cone opposites to each other that transfer the compression wave into a tensile wave through two cone ends that hit a hollow cylinder with machine cone ends holes the widen when the bars hit it with a compression wave and transfer the compression wave into a tension wave. The specimen used was a bimetal welded specimen which was tested under loading rates up to 500 s-1. The results showed a similarity in performance compared to static test but at a much higher load and at very low plastic deformation. The microstructure examination of the broken specimen shows a small ductile fracture surface and in some loading rates a cup and cone formation tendency
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_116087_008669d9344e956b86e6fbcefa641d42.pdf
2017-01-01
60
69
10.21608/jesaun.2017.116087
H
. M. Abdrahman
1
Department of Mechanical Eng., Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
W
. M. Khairaldien
2
Department of Mechanical Eng., Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
A
. A. Khalil
3
Department of Mechanical Eng., Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
STABILITY ANALYSIS OF VERTICAL AND INCLINED BACKFILLED STOPE
Sublevel stoping mining with delayed backfill is a widely employed method in many Canadian underground metal mines (e.g., Bosquet, Doyen, Laronde, and Lapa mines in Quebec and Garson, Creighton, Red lake and David bell mines in Ontario). In this method, the extracted stope(s) must be tightly backfilled before advancing to extract the adjacent secondary stope(s). Thus, backfill is necessary to provide good-confinement to the host rock mass. Therefore, its objective is to maintain the stability of mined out stope(s). Otherwise, the failure of backfill column into adjacent stope(s) leads to higher operation cost (e.g., cost of ore milling/ore processing operation, costs associated with ore dilution when waste/backfill material mixed with unmined block(s)). Consequently, backfill instability could lead to an overall unsafe/interrupt mining operation. This article presents the results of numerical modelling analysis to evaluate the performance stability of vertical and inclined backfilled stope adopting stress state distribution. Two-dimensional finite element model is built to conduct linear elastic analysis employing RS2D program (e.g., formerly known as phase2D). The results are presented and discussed in terms of vertical stress and absolute total displacement.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_116089_a42e5fc54ad821ec8d8fdb9a3d1d8b74.pdf
2017-01-01
70
79
10.21608/jesaun.2017.116089
Backfill performance evaluation
Stress state into backfilled stope
Numerical modelling
sublevel stoping mining system
Wael
R. Abdellah
1
Mining & Metallurgical Eng. Depart, Faculty of Engineering- Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mahrous
A. Ali
2
Mining &Petroleum Eng. Depart, Faculty of Engineering- Al-Azhar University, Qena, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS CONSTRUCTION METHODS FOR LOW-INCOME AND SUITABLE ENVIRONMENT IN TOSHKA REGION - EGYPT
The selection of implementation methods should be consistent with local capabilities in labor and equipment available, but must work on providing technology for building compatible with the surrounding environment economically and technically as especially sites of special nature, such as Toshka - Egypt, that are have environmental properties and natural special, which requires taking into account the link between importance of the selecting execution methods in the construction of buildings in general and housing in particular in this region.In this Framework paper choose the appropriate technological means to build for individuals with limited incomes, socially and economically in such areas and by which involve people in physical and technical execution, along with the effective presence of engineering departments that planned, implemented, supervised, and as alternative solutions for traditional systems of bearing walls and structural buildings, including supporting the structural shift for the better, research follows monitoring and analysis approach by collecting information, characterization and analysis in order to conclude the current problems of the methods execution used in the area of Toshka and then try to reach alternatives appropriate environmentally development and implementation in this region.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_116090_ec97d410a76854217f7a1ecf1d0549ff.pdf
2017-01-01
80
97
10.21608/jesaun.2017.116090
Khaled
Salah Eldin Elkhayat
1
Department of Architectural engineering, Faculty of engineering at Mattaria, Helwan university, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ENTRANCE TO CONTROL THE USE OF RENEWABLE BUILDINGS ENERGY IN EGYPT STUDY OF COASTAL HOT AND HUMID AREAS IN EGYPT
In the past, human depends in a ventilation and light on the methods and natural Energy In modern buildings became the use of air conditioners is prevalent and is an example of an important control of modern man in the internal climate of the building, and with the danger of depletion of conventional energy resulting from wasteful consumption and increased human activity sources, addition to environmental pollution resulting from the excessive use of fossil fuels such as oil, coal and natural gas, leading to study the energy-saving buildings as a means to reduce loads and also to reduce the use of mechanical methods in cooling and heating to the rationalization of energy use, by using the energy from natural and renewable resources, such as sunlight and wind that help to reduce the energy crisis and pollution reduction.In this framework, the research mention to study the several entrances to control the use of renewable energy in buildings, which suit urban areas in Egypt as an input for the development of the construction of housing, and highlight the role of its contribution not only in savings energy but also in the variety sources of production inside the building, making the buildings producing energy and for those who around them sometimes, in order to achieve the goal of the economy in a reducing the cost and operation of housing facilities,
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_116093_3c9ba2ffd324601b302128b777d0e88f.pdf
2017-01-01
98
117
10.21608/jesaun.2017.116093
Khaled
Salah Eldin Elkhayat
1
Department of Architectural engineering, Faculty of engineering at Mattaria, Helwan university, Egypt.
AUTHOR