ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
COMPARISION BETWEEN TWO NUMERICAL MODELS FOR PREDICATION OF HYDRAULICS AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE RIVER NILE (FROM KM 633 TO KM 645 UPSTREAM El-RODA GAUGE STATION)
The numerical models have effective and necessary tools for rivers hydrological and morphological studies. Numerical models are useful when results are required on scales applicable for hydrological and morphological changes, where velocity and water depth distributions are significant especially in river reaches. In the present study , two well known hydraulic models are used to simulate the River Nile hydraulics and morphological changes. A sensitivity analysis is carried out for the two models to investigate the features and disadvantages of each model and give recommendations for their further applications. The performance analysis depends on field survey data and simulations. The two models are the SMS modules (FESWMS) model and the (Delft3D) model. The field data were collected for a study reach of 12 km which is located between km 633 to km 645, measured from El-Roda gauge station. The data included geometric and hydraulic data, that were gathered for calibration and validation of the models. The results indicated that both the SMS module and (Delft3D) model predicted the water surface elevations quite well. The sensitivity analysis showed that (Delft3D) model was more logical to mesh resolution than the SMS module and SMS model presented a better fit for the hydraulic variables. However, Delft3D presented a better fit for velocity and morphological changes.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_109760_feb6c48ee41c4d00b0d2693634491ac9.pdf
2020-09-01
749
764
10.21608/jesaun.2020.39116.1002
Morphological changes
Hydraulics
SMS
Delft3D and River Nile
Radwa
Salama
radwa.salama@yahoo.com
1
Nile Research Institute ,El Kanater Elkhairria,Cairo.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Heba
elsersawy
elsersawy_flum@yahoo.com
2
Nile Research Institute ,El Kanater ,Elkhairria Cairo.
AUTHOR
[1] Gezahegn, H.,( 2008).“Comparison Of 2D Hydrodynamic Models In River Reaches Of Ecological Importance: Hydro - AS-2D and SRH-W,”WAREM Univ.Stuttgart Auslandsorientierter, p. 96.
1
[2] Ali, A.,( 2007). “Utilizing Sedimentation Deflector System For Reducing Sedimentation At El-Kurimat Power Station Intake, Egypt,” Elev. Int. Water Technol. Conf. IWTC11 2007 Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, pp. 471– 485.
2
[3] Ahmad, P. and Simonovic, S.,( 1999). “Role Of A Coupled GIS-2-D Hydrodynamic Model In A Decision Support System for Flood Management,” Proc. CWRA Conf. Red River Flooding - Decreasing Our RisksOctober 27-28, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Hydrol.
3
[4] Salama, R., (2018). “Evaluation of Local Scour around Bridge Piers (Qena Bridge as A Case Study)” International Water Technology Journal, IWTJ, Vol. 8 –No.4, pp. 118–128.
4
[5] Leussen, V.,( 1991). “Sediment Transport Under Tidal Action,” Geo-Marine Letters, pp 119-126, Springer - Verlag, New York .
5
[6] Sattar, A., (2016). “Bed Morphological Changes Of The Nile River DS Major Barrages,”. Springer International Publishing Switzerland . Hdb Env Chem, DOI 10.1007/698_2016_91.
6
[7] Sattar, A. and Raslan, Y. ,( 2014 ) .“Predicting Morphological Changes DS New Naga-Hammadi Barrage for Extreme Nile Flood Flows : A Monte Carlo Analysis,” J. Adv. Res., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 97–107.
7
[8] Foda ,A. and Sattar, A., (2013). “ Morphological Changes In River Nile at Bani-Sweif For Probable Flood Flow Releases,”. In: Proceedings Of The International Conference On Fluvial Hydraulics, RIVER FLOW 2014, Switzerland.
8
[9] Sattar, A., (2013) . “Using Gene Expression Programming To Determine The Impact Of Minerals On Erosion Resistance Of Selected Cohesive Egyptian Soils,”. In: Experimental and Computational Solutions Of Hydraulic Problems, Part Of The Series GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences, pp 375–387.
9
[10] Sattar ,A., (2014).“Gene Expression Models For Prediction of DamBreach Parameters,”. J Hydroinf vol 16 no.3, pp. 550–571. IWA.
10
[11] El-Hakeem M., Sattar A., (2015). "An Entrainment Model For Non-uniform Sediment. Earth Surf. Process Landf., vol 4 no.9, pp. 1216–1226. doi:10.1002/esp.3715.
11
[12] U.S. Army Corps Of Engineers. (1993). “River Hydraulics.” U.S. Army Corps Of Engineers Washington, 176.
12
[13] Delft3D-FLOW, User Manual. 2014.
13
[14] Carlos, P., Roberto, M., Mauricio,T., and Nestor,J., (2005), Modelling Of Flow In a Tidal Flat Area in The South-Eastern German Bight, Die Küste, 69 PROMORPH (2005), pp. 141-174.
14
[15] Chai, T. and Draxler, R. (2014) ‘Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) or Mean Absolute Error (MAE) – Arguments against avoiding RMSE In The Literature’, Geoscientific Model Development, pp. 1247–1250. doi: 10.5194/gmd-7-1247.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
INVESTIGATING THE MOISTURE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ASPHALT MIXTURES MODIFIED WITH HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE
Flexible pavements are susceptible to the damaging effects of moisture, causing various kinds of problemes for asphalt such as stripping. That reduces the durability and serviceability life of pavements and consequently increases the construction and maintenance cost. The aim of this research is to study the moisture sensitivity of the hot asphalt mixture with high-density polyethylene as an asphalt binder modifier. Asphalt 60/70 was mixed with several concentrations of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) ranging from 2% to 8% by bitumen weight using a high shear mixer at a temperature of 180 0C and a speed of 4000 rpm for 60 minutes. Penetration depth, softening point, rotational viscosity (RV), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests were performed on both the conventional and HDPE-modified binders. Asphalt mixtures were designed according to the Egyptian specifications using the Marshall method. Conventional and HDPE-modified asphalt mixtures' moisture susceptibilities were evaluated through indirect tensile strength (IDT) and loss of stability tests. Results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that HDPE was homogeneously dispersed through the binder with no polymer cluster formations. Testing results revealed that adding high-density polyethylene at a concentration of 4% gives superior performance in most tests. Adding HDPE significantly improved the properties of asphalt binder, increased the hardness of the asphalt mixture and reduced the effect of moisture damage.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_110349_69adb2f1a84bd864a575e1f94c7a6d2d.pdf
2020-09-01
765
782
10.21608/jesaun.2020.39052.1001
high density polyethylene
Polymer modified binder
Moisture susceptibility
Indirect Tensile Strength
loss of stability
Ghada
Moussa
ghada.moussa@aun.edu.eg
1
Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ashraf
Abdel-Raheem
ashraf.salah.2351@gmail.com
2
Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
AUTHOR
Talaat
Abdel-Wahed
dr.talaat_ali@eng.sohag.edu.eg
3
civil department, Faculty of engineering, Sohag university, Sohag, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] A. Azarhoosh, F. M. Nejad, and A. Khodaii, “Evaluation of the effect of nano-TiO2 on the adhesion between aggregate and asphalt binder in hot mix asphalt,” Eur. J. Environ. Civ. Eng., vol. 22, 2018, doi: 10.1080/19648189.2016.1229227.
1
[2] Q. Xu, H. Chen, and J. A. Prozzi, “Performance of fiber reinforced asphalt concrete under environmental temperature and water effects,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 24, no. 10, pp. 2003–2010, 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.03.012.
2
[3] G. Polacco, S. Berlincioni, D. Biondi, J. Stastna, and L. Zanzotto, “Asphalt modification with different polyethylene-based polymers,” Eur. Polym. J., vol. 41, no. 12, pp. 2831–2844, 2005.
3
[4] E. Eka Putri and O. Vasilsa, “Improve the Marshall stability of porous asphalt pavement with HDPE addition,” in MATEC Web of Conferences, 2019, vol. 276, p. 3005.
4
[5] S. Hinislioglu and E. Agar, “Use of waste high density polyethylene as bitumen modifier in asphalt concrete mix,” Mater. Lett., vol. 58, no. 3–4, pp. 267–271, 2004, doi: 10.1016/S0167-577X(03)00458-0.
5
[6] L. A. Ahmed, “Improvement of Marshall properties of the asphalt concrete mixtures using the polyethylene as additive,” Eng. Technol. J., vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 383–394, 2007.
6
[7] Z. Kalantar, A. Mahrez, and M. R. Karim, “PROPERTIES OF BITUMINOUS BINDER MODIFIED WITH HIGH DENSITY Penetration Test Results,” Int. Eng. Conv., no. May, pp. 11–14, 2009.
7
[8] N. Z. Habib, I. Kamaruddin, M. Napiah, and M. T. Isa, “Rheological properties of polyethylene and polypropylene modified bitumen,” Int. J. Civ. Environ. Eng., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 96–100, 2011.
8
[9] F. Moghadas Nejad, A. Azarhoosh, and G. H. Hamedi, “Effect of high density polyethylene on the fatigue and rutting performance of hot mix asphalt–a laboratory study,” Road Mater. Pavement Des., vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 746–756, 2014.
9
[10] N. Y. Ahmed and A. S. M. AL-Harbi, “Effect of Density of the Polyethylene Polymer on the Asphalt Mixtures,” J. Univ. Babylon, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 674–683, 2014.
10
[11] F. M. Nejad, M. Gholami, K. Naderi, and M. Rahi, “Evaluation of rutting properties of high density polyethylene modified binders,” Mater. Struct., vol. 48, no. 10, pp. 3295–3305, 2015.
11
[12] H. A. A. Gibreil and C. P. Feng, “Effects of high-density polyethylene and crumb rubber powder as modifiers on properties of hot mix asphalt,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 142, pp. 101–108, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.062.
12
[13] A. K. Sarkar, “Analysis of Effects of High-Density and Low-Density Polyethylene Wastes on Bitumen for Highway Construction,” Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol., pp. 1057–1061, 2019.
13
[14] L. Zhou, W. Huang, Y. Zhang, Q. Lv, C. Yan, and Y. Jiao, “Evaluation of the adhesion and healing properties of modified asphalt binders,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 251, p. 119026, 2020.
14
[15] C. ASTM, “128-15.“,” Stand. Test Method Relat. Density (Specific Gravity) Absorpt. Fine Aggregate”, ASTM Curr. Ed. Approv. Jan, vol. 1, 2015.
15
[16] A. International, “ASTM C128-15 Standard Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of Fine Aggregate.” ASTM International West Conshohocken (PA), 2015.
16
[17] A. Standard, “D854.(2014),” Stand. test methods Specif. gravity soil solids by water Pycnom.
17
[18] C. ASTM, “Standard test method for soundness of aggregates by use of sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate.” ASTM International, 2013.
18
[19] A. ASTM, “C131-06 Standard Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine.” Conshohoken, PA: ASTM, 2006.
19
[20] C. Fang, R. Yu, Y. Li, M. Zhang, J. Hu, and M. Zhang, “Preparation and characterization of an asphalt-modifying agent with waste packaging polyethylene and organic montmorillonite,” Polym. Test., vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 953–960, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2013.04.006.
20
[21] M. Mubaraki, “The Effect of Modified Asphalt Binders by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy , X-Ray Diffraction , and Scanning Electron Microscopy,” vol. 6, pp. 5–14, 2019.
21
[22] ASTM International, “D6927-15 Standard Test Method for Marshall Stability and Flow of Asphalt Mixtures. Designation: D6927-15,” 2015. doi: 10.1520/D6927-15.2.
22
[23] AASHTO T283-14, “Standard Method of Test for Resistance of Compacted Asphalt Mixtures to Moisture-Induced Damage Standard Method of Test for Resistance of Compacted Asphalt Mixtures to Moisture-Induced Damage,” Am. Assoc. State Highw. Transp. Off. Washington, DC, vol. 14, 2014.
23
[24] K. D. Stuart, “Moisture damage in asphalt mixtures-a state-of-the-art report,” FHWA-RD-90-01. FHWA, Washingt. DC, 1990.
24
[25] Egyptian code of practice for urban and rural roads part 4: road material and its tests. Egypt: Housing and Building National Research Center, 2008.
25
[26] H. A. Omar, N. I. M. Yusoff, M. Mubaraki, and H. Ceylan, “Effects of moisture damage on asphalt mixtures,” J. Traffic Transp. Eng. (English Ed., 2020.
26
[27] R. B. Mallik and T. El-Korchi, “Pavement Engineering: Principles and Practice-Chapter 5.” Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, USA, ISBN987–1–4200–6029–4, 2009.
27
[28] C.D. Whiteoak, The Shell bitumen handbook. Shell Bitumen UK, 1990.
28
[29] M. Arabani, S. A. Tahami, and M. Taghipoor, “Laboratory investigation of hot mix asphalt containing waste materials,” Road Mater. Pavement Des., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 713–729, 2017.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
IMPROVED DESIGN CRITERIA FOR EXTENDING BRIDGE-LIKE INTAKES INTO OPEN CHANNELS
Extended water intakes are structures established at river sides to divert water for multiple uses and purposes. Previous studies have only focused on extending the intake to a sufficient water depth for ensuring permanent abstraction. They used physical and numerical models to predict the trend of the site riverbed morphological changes for identifying the lowest bed levels and biggest depths to which intakes could be extended. However, they have ignored other parameters that govern the extension. This paper aims to investigate those parameters and introduce a practical and scientific basis that helps estimate the minimum (min) offshore extension distance of a water intake. It is the distance between the point where the annual min water stage meets the channel bank and the point where a critical water depth is sufficient to submerge the suction pipe inlet without producing vortices that affect both the pumping system and channel bed. Based on the definition of the extension distance, the critical water depth under the min water stage at the channel cross section concerned has to be computed. By analyzing the min water stage, it was found that it is equal to the sum of a submergence depth, the diameter of the suction pipe inlet or (the strainer length), and a clearance distance above the channel bed. Doing further analysis, it was found that the submergence depth value depends on the water station discharge requirements, the water suction velocity at the pipe inlet, and the maximum height of a water wave generated by a moving navigation boat near the intake as well as the channel bed morphology. Also, the value of the clearance distance above the bed was found to be a function of the suction pipe diameter or (the strainer length). To compute the min extension distance, a Spreadsheet Model was developed to correlate all the concerned parameters and help study as many scenarios as possible to find the most economical and safest distance. Finally, the research concluded that the computation of the min extension distance is governed by a number of factors such as the min water stage, water station discharge requirements, water suction velocity at the pipe inlet, and maximum water wave height generated by a moving boat near the intake.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_111400_267af9611a00239ef7a46c181ae860d2.pdf
2020-09-01
783
804
10.21608/jesaun.2020.111400
Water Bridge-like Intakes
Offshore Extension Distance
Submergence Distance
Water Stage Recession
Nasr
Hekal
nasrhekal@gmail.com
1
River Engineering Dept., Nile Research Institute, National Water Research Center, Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] Hekal, N., 2015. Effect of Water Surface Recession on Bridge-Type Intakes Proposed along The River Nile. International Water Technology J. 5. 4, pp. 272- 283.
1
[2] Hekal, N., 2010. Effect of Water Surface Fluctuations on Water Intake Performance. The 14th International Water Technology Conference Proceedings. Cairo, Egypt. pp. 1017-1033.
2
[3] Randall W. Whitesides. 2008. Practical Considerations in Pump Suction Arrangements. PDH Course M134, www. PDHonline.org, 2003 – 2008.
3
[4] Randall W. Whitesides. 2012. Practical Considerations in Pump Suction Arrangements. PDH Course M134 (3PDH), www. PDHonline.org, 2003 – 2008.
4
[5] Balanin, V.V., and Bykov, L.S., 1968. Selection of leading dimensions of navigation channel selections and modern methods of bank protection. Proc 21 Int Nav Cong sec S 1-4, PIANC, Stockholm.
5
[6] Hochstein, 1980. Gallipolis locks and dam’s replacement, Ohio River, Phase I, advanced engineering and design study, General Design Memorandum. Appen J, Vol. I, Environmental and Social Impact Analysis, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Huntingtion District.
6
[7] Stoker, J.J., 1957. Water waves; the mathematical theory with applications. Interscience Publishers; New York.
7
[8] M.A. De Schipper, 2007. On the generation of surfable ship waves in a circular pool: Part I. MSc. Thesis, Delft University of Technology; Delft. Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Section of Hydraulic Engineering and Environmental Fluid Mechanics.
8
[9] Havelock, T.H., 1980. The Propagation of Groups of Waves in Dispersive Media with Application to Waves on Water Produced by a Traveling Disturbance. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London. Series A, Vol LXXXI, pp. 398- 430.
9
[10] Bhowmick, N.G., Demissis, M., and Guo, C-Y, 1982. Waves Generated by River, WRC Res Rep No. 167, Un of Illinois Water Resources Center, Urbana, Ill.
10
[11] Machina D. W., 1987. Physical and Numerical Modeling of an Aerated Sump. Ph.D. Thesis, Irrigation and Hydraulics department, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Windsor Univ., Ontario, Canada.
11
[12] Samsudin, M. L., Munisamy, K.M., Thangaraju, S. K., 2014. Application of Multiphase Modeling for Vortex Occurrence in Vertical Pump Intake – A review. The 7th International Conference on Cooling & Heating Technologies (ICCHT 2014). IOP Publishing. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 88 (2015) 012024 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/88/1/012024.
12
[13] NRI, 2018. Records of Discharges & Water Levels along the River Nile. Department of Water levels & Discharges, El-Qanater, Cairo, Egypt.
13
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A NUMERICAL STUDY ON SEISMIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF RC RECTANGULAR COLUMNS STRENGTHENED WITH CFRP SHEETS
External confinement of reinforced concrete columns using fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets can significantly enhance their seismic behavior. This research presents a numerical investigation to evaluate the seismic performance of RC rectangular columns with limited cross-sections' aspect ratios (1, 1.5, and 2) strengthened with a fully wrapped CFRP jacket under constant axial and pushover lateral loads. Therefore, a three-dimensional finite element model was implemented via ABAQUS software, which has been adopted in this study, where the proposed model showed a reliable agreement with the previous experimental work. The studied parameters are: longitudinal steel reinforcement ratio, CFRP confinement ratio, and axial load/capacity ratio for each cross-section aspect ratio. The obtained numerical results have proved that the external wrapping of RC rectangular columns with CFRP sheets has effectively increased drift capacity ratios for cross-sections aspect ratios 1, 1.5, and 2. Moreover, the strengthening of RC rectangular columns using external CFRP wrapping increases the nominal shear and flexural strengths of the strengthened columns. Also, the effect of increasing the longitudinal steel reinforcement ratio can significantly decrease the ultimate lateral displacement and drift capacity ratios. Besides, with the increase of the axial load/capacity ratios, the drift capacity ratios significantly decrease for the strengthened RC rectangular columns.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_112703_d9715e948e2b23a285f454acaf056b23.pdf
2020-09-01
805
829
10.21608/jesaun.2020.39384.1003
Strengthened RC Columns
CFRP
seismic behavior
Ductility
flexural strength
Mena
Youssef
menagamel2018@gmail.com
1
Galaa Street
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abdel-Rahman
Ahmed
abdelrahman.ghonaim@eng.au.edu.eg
2
Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Ahmed
mohamed.mohamed33@eng.au.edu.eg
3
Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
Omar
Farghal
omar_farghal222@yahoo.com
4
Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
[1] Kocak, A., The effect of short columns on the performance of existing buildings. Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 2013. 46(4): pp. 505-518.
1
[2] Guevara, L.T. and L.E. Garcı´a, The Captive- and Short-Column Effects. Earthquake Spectra, 2005. 21(1): pp. 141-160.
2
[3] Biskinis, D.E., G.K. Roupakias, and M.N. Fardis, Degradation of shear strength of reinforced concrete members with inelastic cyclic displacements. Structural Journal, 2004. 101(6): pp. 773-783.
3
[4] Vandoros, K.G. and S.E. Dritsos, Concrete jacket construction detail effectiveness when strengthening RC columns. Construction and Building Materials, 2008. 22(3): pp. 264-276.
4
[5] Ma, C.-K., et al., Repair and rehabilitation of concrete structures using confinement: A review. Construction and Building Materials, 2017. 133: pp. 502-515.
5
[6] Islam, N., and M. Hoque, Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Columns by Steel Jacketing: A State of Review. Asian Transactions on Engineering (ATE ISSN: 2221-4267) Volume, 2015. 5.
6
[7] Belal, M.F., H.M. Mohamed, and S.A. Morad, Behavior of reinforced concrete columns strengthened by steel jacket. HBRC Journal, 2015. 11(2): pp. 201-212.
7
[8] Nanni, A. and J. Giancaspro, FRP composites for reinforced and prestressed concrete structures: a guide to fundamentals and design for repair and retrofit. 2009: Taylor & Francis.
8
[9] Harajli, M. and F. Dagher, Seismic strengthening of bond-critical regions in rectangular reinforced concrete columns using fiber-reinforced polymer wraps. Aci Structural Journal, 2008. 105: pp. 68-77.
9
[10] Gora, A.u.M., et al., Finite element analysis of rectangular reinforced concrete columns wrapped with FRP composites. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018. 431: pp. 072005.
10
[11] Wu, Y.-F. and Y.-Y. Wei, Effect of cross-sectional aspect ratio on the strength of CFRP-confined rectangular concrete columns. Engineering Structures, 2010. 32(1): pp. 32-45.
11
[12] Farrokh Ghatte, H., et al., Seismic Retrofit of Full-Scale Substandard Extended Rectangular RC Columns through CFRP Jacketing: Test Results and Design Recommendations. Journal of Composites for Construction, 2018. 23(1): pp. 04018071.
12
[13] Del Zoppo, M., et al., FRP for seismic strengthening of shear-controlled RC columns: Experience from earthquakes and experimental analysis. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2017. 129: pp. 47-57.
13
[14] Oucif, C., et al., Numerical modeling of reinforced concrete strengthened columns under cyclic loading. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 2017. 42(9): pp. 3933-3944.
14
[15] Juntanalikit, P., T. Jirawattanasomkul, and A. Pimanmas, Experimental and numerical study of strengthening non-ductile RC columns with and without lap splice by Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) jacketing. Engineering Structures, 2016. 125: pp. 400-418.
15
[16] Realfonzo, R. and A. Napoli, Results from cyclic tests on high aspect ratio RC columns strengthened with FRP systems. Construction and Building Materials, 2012. 37: pp. 606-620.
16
[17] Ozcan, O., B. Binici, and G. Ozcebe, Seismic strengthening of rectangular reinforced concrete columns using fiber reinforced polymers. Engineering Structures, 2010. 32(4): pp. 964-973.
17
[18] ElGawady, M., et al., Retrofitting of rectangular columns with deficient lap splices. Journal of Composites for Construction, 2009. 14(1): pp. 22-35.
18
[19] Galal, K., A. Arafa, and A. Ghobarah, Retrofit of RC square short columns. Engineering Structures, 2005. 27(5): pp. 801-813.
19
[20] Ouyang, L.-J., et al., Seismic retrofit of square reinforced concrete columns using basalt and carbon fiber-reinforced polymer sheets: A comparative study. Composite Structures, 2017. 162: pp. 294-307.
20
[21] ABAQUS, Analysis User's Manual, in Dassault SystÈmes Simulia Corp., Providence, RI, V. 6.12-1, Editor. 2012.
21
[22] Papanikolaou, V.K. and A.J. Kappos, Confinement-sensitive plasticity constitutive model for concrete in triaxial compression. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2007. 44(21): pp. 7021-7048.
22
[23] Hany, N.F., E.G. Hantouche, and M.H. Harajli, Finite element modeling of FRP-confined concrete using modified concrete damaged plasticity. Engineering Structures, 2016. 125: pp. 1-14.
23
[24] Tao, Z., Z.-B. Wang, and Q. Yu, Finite element modelling of concrete-filled steel stub columns under axial compression. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2013. 89: pp. 121-131.
24
[25] Yuan, F., Y.-F. Wu, and C.-Q. Li, Modelling plastic hinge of FRP-confined RC columns. Engineering Structures, 2017. 131: pp. 651-668.
25
[26] Ozbakkaloglu, T., A. Gholampour, and J.C. Lim, Damage-Plasticity Model for FRP-Confined Normal-Strength and High-Strength Concrete. Journal of Composites for Construction, 2016. 20(6): pp. 04016053.
26
[27] Saenz, L.P., discussion of" Equation for the Stress-Strain Curve of Concrete" by Desayi and Krishnan. Journal of the American Concrete Institute, 1964. 61: pp. 1229-1235.
27
[28] Ferrotto, M., O. Fischer, and L. Cavaleri, A strategy for the finite element modeling of FRP-confined concrete columns subjected to preload. Engineering Structures, 2018. 173: pp. 1054-1067.
28
[29] Popovics, S., A numerical approach to the complete stress-strain curve of concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 1973. 3(5): pp. 583-599.
29
[30] Wahalathantri, B.L., et al. A material model for flexural crack simulation in reinforced concrete elements using ABAQUS. in Proceedings of the first international conference on engineering, designing, and developing the built environment for sustainable wellbeing. 2011. Queensland University of Technology.
30
[31] Taghia, P. and S.A. Bakar, Mechanical behaviour of confined reinforced concrete-CFRP short column-based on finite element analysis. World Applied Sciences Journal, 2013. 24(7): pp. 960-970.
31
[32] [32] Hajsadeghi, M., F.J. Alaee, and A. Shahmohammadi, Investigation on Behaviour of Square/Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Columns Retrofitted with FRP Jacket. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 2011. 17(3): pp. 400-408.
32
[33] Institute, A.C., Building code requirements for structural concrete (ACI 318-11) and commentary. ACI 318R-11, Farmington Hills, MI, 2011.
33
[34] Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Structures: ACI 440.2 R-02. 2002. American Concrete Institute.
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Stability of Geogrid Reinforced Embankment on Soft Clay
The reinforcement by geotextiles or geogrids helps to improve the embankment stability and guarantee more uniform settlement. The factors effect on the stability of the reinforced embankment on soft clay, in terms of slope stability and sliding resistance has been studied using a finite element program (GEO5 program). In this paper, the effect of geogrid Spacing, the height of the first geogrid layer, unit weight of embankment fill, and the angle of internal friction was studied. The numerical model results indicated that the optimum spacing between the geogrid layers is 0.5 m. Increasing the angle of internal friction for the embankment fill causes to increase the factors of safety. Increasing the density of the embankment fill causes to decrease the factors of safety. Also, it was recommended to install the first geogrid layer between the embankment base and underlying soft clay layer without any vertical distance.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_112941_abdf3556d66f5c2f6cc65716a2c652d2.pdf
2020-09-01
830
844
10.21608/jesaun.2020.112941
Reinforced Embankment
Geogrid
Soft Clay
Lateral sliding
Stability of slope
Moamen E.
Abd El Raouf
eng_moamen201017@yahoo.com
1
Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al- Azhar university, Qena, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] The International Geosynthetics Society (IGS),(April,2019). www.geosyntheticssociety.org.
1
[2] British Standards Institute. BS 8006-1, (2010.) "Code of Practice for Strengthened/Reinforced Soils and other Fills", London: British Standards.
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[3] Braja M. Das., (2007) " Principles of Foundation Engineering", 7th ed.
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[4] Jewell, R.A., (1991) "Application of Revised Design Charts for Steep Reinforced Slopes", Geotextiles and Geomembranes, Vol.10203- 233.
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[5] Ingold,T.S., (1982) "An Analytical Study of Geotextile Reinforced Embankment", 2nd Int. Conf. Geotextiles, Las Vegas, USA, 683-688.
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[7] Yamanouchi, T. Fukuda, N. and Ikegami, M., (1986) "Design and Techniques of Steep Reinforced Embankments without Edge Supporting's". Proc. 3rd Int. Con£. Vienna, Geotextiles, Vol.1199-204.
7
[8] Bonaparte, R. and Schertmann, G.R., (1986) "Seismic Design of Slopes Reinforced with Geogrids and Geotextiles". Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Geotextiles, Vienna, Vol. 1273-278.
8
[9] Hirota, Y. and Yamaoka, I., (1986) "Studies on the Slope Stability of Geotextile Reinforced Wall Using Slip Plane Method", Proc. 1st IGS Japan Chapter Symp., Tokyo, 101- 106.
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[10] Leshchinsky, D. and E.B.Perry. A., (1987) "Design Procedure for Geotextile-Reinforced Walls", Geotechnical Fabrics Report, 21-27.
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[11] Schmertmann, G. R., Chouery-CUrtis, V.E., Johnson, R.D. and Bonaparte, R., (1987)"Design Charts for Geogrid-Reinforced Soil Slopes", Geosynthetic '87 Conference, New Orleans, USA, 108 -120.
11
[12] Schneider, H.R. and Holtz, R.D., (1986) "Design of Slopes Reinforced with Geotextiles and Geogrids", Geotextiles and Geomembranes, Vol.329 -51.
12
[13] Rowe, K.R. and Li, A.L., (2003) "Insights from Case histories: Reinforced embankments and retaining walls". Keynote Lecture. Landmarks in Earth Reinforcement. Swets & Zeithlinger, Lisse 803–829.
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[14] Blume, K., Alexiew, D. and Glotzl, F., (2006) "The new federal (Autobahn) A26 in Germany with geosynthetic reinforced embankments on soft soils". Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Geosynthetics, Yokohama, Japan, pp 912–916.
14
[15] Kasim, F., Marto, A., Othman, B. A., Bakar, I., Othman, M. F., (2013) "Simulation of safe height embankment on soft ground using Plaxis", APCBEE Proceedia 5 152–156.
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[16] Siaovashnia, M., Kalantari, F., Shakiba, A., (2010) "Assessment of geotextile reinforced embankment on soft clay soil", the 1st International Applied Geological Congress, Iran 1779–1784.
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[17] Payam Majedi, Babak Karimi Ghalehjough, Suat Akbulut, Semet Çelik., (2017) "Effect of Reinforcement on stability and Settlement of Embankment: A Finite Element analysis of Different Kinds of Reinforcing and Construction Conditions", European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology, 4(10) ,759-764
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
AUTOMATIC INDICES BASED CLASSIFICATION METHOD FOR MAP UPDATING USING VHR SATELLITE IMAGES
Urban land cover classification using Very High Resolution (VHR) satellite images is a very important source of information for map updating. Egyptian environment has more challenges in feature extraction. The main problem lies in the spectral similarity between different land cover classes. Also, great diversity in sizes, shapes, and materials of each class. The main aim of this work is to represent a new automatic indices-based classification method for map updating using VHR satellite images. The method uses a set of spectral indices with their thresholds in consecutive order, chosen based on WorldView-2 (WV-2) bands, to classify land cover in the Egyptian environment. For this study, WV-2 satellite images with eight spectral bands were used. The proposed method is compared with five traditional classification methods; Minimum distance, Spectral angle mapper, Mahalanobis distance, Spectral correlation mapper, and Maximum likelihood method, which included in ERDAS 2015 software, for validation purpose and checking its stability. The results show that the extracted features with the proposed method can contribute significantly to update Egyptian medium scale maps. The average overall accuracy achieved with the proposed approach (75.31%) is higher than those obtained using Minimum distance (54.0%), Spectral angle mapper (69.50%), and Mahalanobis distance (73.63%). Also, it is near to those obtained by the Spectral correlation mapper (76.50%), and Maximum likelihood method (78.25%).
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_114602_ae168b221bdc873324bcfc1e47ed9fc3.pdf
2020-09-01
845
868
10.21608/jesaun.2020.114602
Feature Extraction
Satellite image
Spectral indices
map updating
worldview 2
Mohamed
Fawzy
mohamedfawzy@eng.svu.edu.eg
1
Civil Eng. Dept., Faculty of Engineering, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Yasser G.
Mostafa
yasser_g_m@yahoo.com
2
Civil Eng. Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
AUTHOR
Farag
Khodary
3
Civil Eng. Dept., Faculty of Engineering, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
AUTHOR
[1] Samsudin, S.H., H.Z. Shafri, and A. Hamedianfar, Development of spectral indices for roofing material condition status detection using field spectroscopy and WorldView-3 data. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 2016. 10(2): p. 025021.
1
[2] Salehi, B., Y. Zhang, and M. Zhong, Combination of object-based and pixel-based image analysis for classification of vhr imagery over urban areas. in Proceedings of ASPRS 2011 Annual Conference. 2011.
2
[3] Digital-Globe, "page title: satellite imagery - image library https://api.discover.digitalglobe.com/show?id=103001006889A200-february 2020".
3
[4] Nouri, H., S. Beecham, S. Anderson, and P. Nagler, High spatial resolution WorldView-2 imagery for mapping NDVI and its relationship to temporal urban landscape evapotranspiration factors. Remote sensing, 2014. 6(1): p. 580-602.
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[5] Otsu, N., A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms. IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics, 1979. 9(1): p. 62-66.
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[6] Nagao, M., T. Matsuyama, and Y. Ikeda, Region extraction and shape analysis in aerial photographs. Computer Graphics and Image Processing, 1979. 10(3): p. 195-223.
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[7] Chen, Y., D. Wen, L. Jing, and P. Shi, Shadow information recovery in urban areas from very high resolution satellite imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2007. 28(15): p. 3249-3254.
7
[8] Yamazaki, F., W. Liu, and M. Takasaki. Characteristics of shadow and removal of its effects for remote sensing imagery. in 2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. 2009. IEEE.
8
[9] Egyptian Military Survey, Egypt Administrative Boundaries, Qena governorate administrative boundaries map, the latest update Mar 2020.
9
[10] DG Staff, The Benefits of the 8 Spectral Bands of WorldView-2: Applications Whitepaper. London, DigitalGlobe, Technical Report WP-8SPEC Rev.
10
[11] Abd Elwahed, A., A. Farrag, A. Abdelhafiz, and M. Besheer, Potential of using high resolution satellite images for mapping applications. Journal of Engineering Sciences, Assiut University, 2011. 39(3): p. 513-528.
11
[12] Mostafa, F. A., Y. G. Mostafa, M. A. Yousef, and Y. A. Abas, Using of high resolution satellite images for updating large scale mapping in Egypt. J. Eng. Sci, 2014. 42: p. 1122-1137.
12
[13] Nady, B., Y. Mostafa, Y. A. Abbas, and M. Enieb, Using of VHR satellite images for road network extraction in Egypt. Journal of Engineering Sciences, 2020. 48(1): p. 20-31.
13
[14] Mostafa, Y., M. Yousef, and F. Mostafa, A new shadow detection index for 8-band very high-resolution satellite images. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2020. 41(2): p. 420-432.
14
[15] Mostafa, Y. and M.A. Abdelwahab, Corresponding regions for shadow restoration in satellite high-resolution images. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2018. 39(20): p. 7014-7028.
15
[16] Mostafa, Y. and A. Abdelhafiz, Shadow identification in high resolution satellite images in the presence of water regions. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 2017. 83(2): p. 87-94.
16
[17] Sarabandi, P., F. Yamazaki, M. Matsuoka, and A. Kiremidjian, Shadow detection and radiometric restoration in satellite high resolution images. in IGARSS 2004. 2004 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. 2004. IEEE.
17
[18] Xie, C., X. Huang, W. Zeng, and X. Fang, A novel water index for urban high-resolution eight-band WorldView-2 imagery. International Journal of Digital Earth, 2016. 9(10): p. 925-941.
18
[19] Story, M. and R.G. Congalton, Accuracy assessment: a user’s perspective. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 1986. 52(3): p. 397-399.
19
[20] Gao, B.-C., NDWI—A normalized difference water index for remote sensing of vegetation liquid water from space. Remote sensing of environment, 1996. 58(3): p. 257-266.
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[21] Xu, H., Modification of normalised difference water index (NDWI) to enhance open water features in remotely sensed imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2006. 27(14): p. 3025-3033.
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[22] Wolf, A.F, Using WorldView-2 Vis-NIR multispectral imagery to support land mapping and feature extraction using normalized difference index ratios. in Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVIII. 2012. International Society for Optics and Photonics.
22
[23] Belgiu, M., L. Drǎguţ, and J. Strobl, Quantitative evaluation of variations in rule-based classifications of land cover in urban neighbourhoods using WorldView-2 imagery. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2014. 87: p. 205-215.
23
[24] Myeong, S., D. J. Nowak, P. F. Hopkins, and R. H. Brock, Urban cover mapping using digital, high-spatial resolution aerial imagery. Urban Ecosystems, 2001. 5(4): p. 243-256.
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[25] Kumar, A., A.C. Pandey, and A. Jeyaseelan, Built-up and vegetation extraction and density mapping using WorldView-II. Geocarto international, 2012. 27(7): p. 557-568.
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[26] Huete, A.R., A soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI). Remote sensing of environment, 1988. 25(3): p. 295-309.
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[27] Qi, J., A. Chehbouni, A. Huete, Y. Kerr, and S. Sorooshian, A modified soil adjusted vegetation index. Remote sensing of environment, 1994. 48(2): p. 119-126.
27
[28] Sameen, M.I. and B. Pradhan, A novel built-up spectral index developed by using multiobjective particle-swarm-optimization technique. in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2016. IOP Publishing.
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[29] Farrag, A., Map Updating Using Digital Techniques with Emphasis on SPOT Images". PhD Thesis, Faculty of Engineering., Assiut University Egypt. 1991.
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[30] Abd Elwahed, A., A. Farrag, and Y. Moustafa, Evaluation of Information Content and Feature Extraction Capability from Egypt Sat-1 Images. Journal of Engineering Sciences, Assiut University, 2011. 39(3): p. 529-538.
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
BUILDING EXTRACTION FROM VERY HIGH-RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGES FOR MAP UPDATING IN EGYPT
Robust building detection from satellite images has been a subject of interest for several decades. Very High Resolution (VHR) satellite images support the efficient extraction of manmade objects. The main aim of this paper is to present an approach for building extraction from VHR satellite images for map updating in Egypt. To achieve this aim, a comparison of pixel and object-based classification techniques has been applied. Then, different refinement processes based on shadow, context, shape, and Digital Surface Model (DSM) data are carried out. Two study areas from the VHR satellite images for Assuit and Sohag cities are used. A comparison of the classification techniques shows that the Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC) for pixel-based technique and Support Vector Machine (SVM) for object-based technique give the highest overall accuracy results. Refinement based on shadow, context, shape, and DSM information improves the overall accuracy with an average of 18%. Thus, the building extraction results can contribute significantly to update maps in Egypt.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115673_1a3263d92970cfc6405b3103b524a3ad.pdf
2020-09-01
869
887
10.21608/jesaun.2020.115673
Building extraction
Pixel-based
Object-based
classification
Accuracy Assessment
map updating
Mostafa H.
Shoaib
1
Civil Eng. Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Yasser G
Mostafa
2
Civil Eng. Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
AUTHOR
Yousef A.
Abbas
3
Civil Eng. Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
AUTHOR
[1] Wang, S., Hou, X., and Zhao, X. (2020). “Automatic Building Extraction From High-Resolution Aerial Imagery via Fully Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Network With Non-Local Block”. IEEE Access, 8, 7313-7322.
1
[2] Ghaffarian, S. (2014). “Automatic building detection based on supervised classification using high resolution Google Earth images”. The International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 40(3), 101.
2
[3] Belgiu, M., and Drǎguţ, L. (2014). “Comparing supervised and unsupervised multiresolution segmentation approaches for extracting buildings from very high resolution imagery”. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 96, 67-75.
3
[4] Attarzadeh, R., and Momeni, M. (2012). “Object-based building extraction from high resolution satellite imager”. International Archives of the Photogrammetry”, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 39, B4.
4
[5] Shedlovska, Y. I., and Hnatushenko, V. V. (2018, April). “A very high resolution satellite imagery classification algorithm”. In 2018 IEEE 38th International Conference on Electronics and Nanotechnology (ELNANO) (pp. 654-657). IEEE.
5
[6] Elsharkawy, A., Elhabiby, M., and El-Sheimy, N. (2012). “New combined pixel/object-based technique for efficient urban classification using WorldView-2 data”. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 39, B7.
6
[7] Mostafa, F. A., Mostafa, Y., and Yousef, M. A. (2014). “The optimal method for classifying high resolution satellite images in Egypt environment”. Journal of Engineering Sciences Assiut University, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 1106-1121.
7
[8] Jiang, N., Zhang, J. X., Li, H. T., and Lin, X. G. (2008). “Object-oriented building extraction by DSM and very high-resolution orthoimages”. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 37, 441-446.
8
[9] Manandhar, P., Aung, Z., and Marpu, P. R. (2017, July). “Segmentation based building detection in high resolution satellite images”. In 2017 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) (pp. 3783-3786). IEEE.
9
[10] Turker, M., and San, K. (2010). “Building detection from pan-sharpened IKONOS imagery through support vector machines classification”. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 28(8), 841-846.
10
[11] Benarchid, O., Raissouni, N., El Adib, S., Abbous, A., Azyat, A., Achhab, N. B., and Chahboun, A. (2013). “Building extraction using object-based classification and shadow information in very high resolution multispectral images, a case study: Tetuan, Morocco”. Canadian Journal on Image Processing and Computer Vision, 4(1), 1-8.
11
[12] ŞENARAS, Ç. (2007). “An automated building extraction model using fuzzy K-NN classifier from monocular aerial images” Doctoral dissertation, middle east technical university.
12
[13] Thanh Noi, P., and Kappas, M. (2018). “Comparison of random forest, k-nearest neighbor, and support vector machine classifiers for land cover classification using Sentinel-2 imagery”. Sensors, 18(1), 18.
13
[14] Mondal, A., Kundu, S., Chandniha, S. K., Shukla, R., and Mishra, P. K. (2012). “Comparison of support vector machine and maximum likelihood classification technique using satellite imagery”. International Journal of Remote Sensing and GIS, 1(2), 116-123.
14
[15] Zeng, C. (2014). “Automated Building Information Extraction and Evaluation from High-resolution Remotely Sensed Data”. Doctoral dissertation, University of Western Ontario.
15
[16] Abd Elwahed, A., Farrag, A., and Mostafa, Y., (2011). “Evaluation of Information Content and Feature Extraction Capability from Egypt Sat-1 Images”. Journal of Engineering Sciences, Assiut University, 39(3), 529-538.
16
[17] Perumal, K., and Bhaskaran, R. (2010). “Supervised classification performance of multispectral images”. arXiv preprint arXiv:1002.4046.
17
[18] Darwish, A., Leukert, K., and Reinhardt, W. (2003, July). “Image segmentation for the purpose of object-based classification”. In International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Vol. 3, pp. III-2039).
18
[19] Nady, B., Mostafa, Y., Abas, Y., and Enieb, M., 2020 “Using Of VHR Satellite Images for Road Network Extraction in Egypt” Journal of Engineering Sciences, Assiut University, Faculty of Engineering, Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 20 -31.
19
[20] Stehman, S. V. (1997). “Selecting and interpreting measures of thematic classification accuracy”. Remote sensing of Environment, 62(1), 77-89.
20
[21] Mostafa, Y., and Abdelhafiz, A. (2017). “Accurate shadow detection from high-resolution satellite images”. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 14(4), 494-498.
21
[22] Mostafa, F. A., Mostafa, Y., Yousef, M., and Abas Y., (2014), “Using of high resolution satellite images for updating large scale mapping in Egypt”. J. Eng. Sci, 42, 1122-1137.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
STRENGTHENING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE SQUARE COLUMNS BY MEANS OF FERRO CEMENT JACKET
This paper presents an experimental investigation to clarify the behaviour of reinforced concrete square columns strengthened using ferrocement jacket. Strengthening using ferrocement jacket is relatively a new technique, which has a high strength/weight ratio, good resistance to cracking and impact loading, acceptable resistance to fire, and more resistance to corrosion than traditional materials. Ten reinforced concrete short columns with nominal cross-sectional dimensions of 200 × 200 mm with a total length of 1200 mm were cast and tested under axial loading until failure. The main parameters in this study were the number of layers of wire mesh, type of wire mesh, and the cement mortar strength. The results showed the effectiveness of the ferrocement jacket in improving the column capacity and reducing the vertical and lateral deformation. The results from the experiment were compared with the theoretical results obtained from the modified ECP 203 and modified ACI 318 equation codes.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_118571_f11b23496583b217a26caf29c5032af1.pdf
2020-09-01
888
909
10.21608/jesaun.2020.118571
Ferro cement jacket
Square column
and Strengthening of Columns
Mohamed. O.
Elsibaey
mohamedelsibaey2014@gmail.com
1
Civil Engineering Department, Aswan University, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Zakaria. H.
Awadallah
2
Structural Engineering Department, Al-Azhar University, Qena, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Zakaria
3
Civil Engineering Department, Aswan University, Egypt
AUTHOR
Omar. A.
Farghal
4
Civil Engineering Department, Assiut University, Egypt
AUTHOR
[1] Abdullah and Takiguchi, K. (2003), "An investigation into the behaviour and strength of reinforced concrete columns strengthened with ferrocement jackets". Cement & Concrete Composites, vol. 25: pp 233–242.
1
[2] Abeer M. E, Hossam H. A, Bishoy A. M, and Taha A. El-Sayed, (2019)," Structural Performance of Eccentric Ferrocement Reinforced Concrete Columns" Nanoscience and Nanotechnology journal, Volume 11, SP 1213- EP 1225.
2
[3] A.B.M.A. Kaish, M. Jamil, S.N. Raman, M.F.M. Zain, L. Nahar, "Ferrocement composites for strengthening of concrete columns": A review Construction and Building Materials, 160 (2018), pp. 326-340
3
[4] A. B. M. A. Kaish, (2016), "An approach to improve conventional square ferrocement jacket for strengthening application of Short Square RC column. Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
4
[5] American Concrete Institute (ACI), (1988). "Guide for the Design, Construction, and Repair of Ferrocement". ACI 549, Detroit, American Concrete Institute.
5
[6] American Concrete Institute (ACI), (2008). "Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete" (ACI 318-08) and Commentary (ACI 318R-05). Detroit, American Concrete Institute.
6
[7] Afaf H Abdallah, Abeer M. Erfan, Taha A. El-Sayed, (2019,) Experimental and analytical analysis of lightweight ferrocement composite slabs. Engineering Research Journal (ERJ), Vol. 1, No. 41 July 2019, pp. 73-85.
7
[8] Egyptian Code for Design and Construction of Reinforced Concrete Structures) ECP 203- 2007)) - ECP 203- 2018(.
8
[9] El-Sayed, T.A. and Erfan, A.M. (2018), "Improving shear strength of beams using ferrocement composite". Construction and Building Materials, 172, pp.608–617.
9
[10] Jianqi Wang, (2013), "Behavior of ferrocement columns under static and cyclic loading" Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Manchester for Engineering and Physical Sciences.
10
[11] Ornela Lalaj, (2015), “Recent perspectives for ferrocement" Res. Eng. Struct. Mat. Vol. 1 Iss.1 (2015) 11-23.
11
[12] Kaish, A. B. M. A, Alam, M. R., Jamil, M. & Waheed, M. A., (2013). "Ferrocement Jacketing for restrengthening of Square Reinforced Concrete Column under Concentric Compressive Load". Procedia Engineering, 54 (0), 720-728.
12
[13] Kim, J.-K. & Lee, S.-S., (2000). "The behaviour of reinforced concrete columns subjected to axial force and biaxial bending". Engineering Structures, 22 (11), 1518-1528.
13
[14] Mansur, M. & Paramasivam, P., (1985). "Ferrocement under combined bending and axial loads. International Journal of Cement Composites and Lightweight Concrete, 7 (3), 151-158.
14
[15] Mourad, S. & Shannag, M., (2012). "Repair and strengthening of reinforced concrete square columns using ferrocement jackets". Cement and Concrete Composites, 34 (2), 288-294.
15
[16] Nedwell, P., Ramesht, M. & Rafei-Taghanaki, S. (1994)" Investigation into the repair of short square columns using ferrocement, FERROCEMENT INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, 1994. 277-285.
16
[17] Paramasivam, P., Lim, C. T. E., & Ong, K. C. G. (1998). "Strengthening of RC beams with ferrocement laminates". Cement and Concrete Composites, 20(1), 53-65.
17
[18] Sayan Sirimontree, Boonsap Witchayangkoon and Krittiya Lertpocasombut, (2015)." Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Column via Ferrocement Jacketing". American Transactions on Engineering & Applied Sciences. Volume 4 No.1 ISSN 2229-1652 eISSN 2229-1660, pp 39-47.
18
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
SPACE SYNTAX AS AN EVALUATIVE AND PREDICTIVE TOOL TO EXPLORE URBANITY LEVELS IN NEW DAMIETTA CITY
In New Damietta city, many residential neighborhoods have the appearance of empty, dull, and monotonous places. These neighborhoods have low levels of urbanity in terms of vital and flourishing street life. Some researchers attribute the low levels of urbanity in new cities to the urban planning approaches undertaken (the neighborhood unit). To conduct this research, we used space syntax analysis as a key method to study urbanity in New Damietta city. In addition to other methods such as direct field observations through which we observed land use patterns and activities occurred in the study area. Observed land use patterns and activities were mapped in Geographical Information System (GIS). This study finds out how space syntax is an effective tool that can evaluate the current situation of urbanity and how it can be used as a predictive tool in the planning processes in the forthcoming generations of new cities.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_120427_eb1689a893fcb12caac4d99c28cd954a.pdf
2020-09-01
910
926
10.21608/jesaun.2020.120427
space syntax
Depth map
observations
new cities in Egypt
Urbanity
Asmaa
Eldiasty
asmaa_eldiasty@yahoo.com
1
Master candidate, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Medhat
Samra
medhatsat2005@hotmail.com
2
Lecturer, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Egypt
AUTHOR
Alaa
Eleishi
arabeskal_arch@yahoo.com
3
Assoc. Prof., Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
[1] New Urban Communities Authority. (2019, May 10). know cities, New Damietta, website: http://www.newcities.gov.eg/english/New_Communities/Damietta/default.aspx
1
[2] Perry, C.A. (1929) “The Neighborhood Unit: A scheme of arrangement for the Family Life Community.” In A Regional Plan for New York and Its Environs, Volume vii. New York.
2
[3] Hillier, B. (2006), The golden age for cities? How we design cities is how we understand them. In: Urban Design 100th Issue, p.16-19.
3
[4] Karimi, K. & Vaughan, LS. (2014). An evidence-based approach to designing new cities: The English New Towns revisited
4
[5] Banerjee, T.K., & Baer, W.C. (1984). Beyond the neighborhood unit: residential environments and public policy. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
5
[6] The built environment observatory. (2018, October 15). Myths and Facts of Urban Planning in Egypt, website: http://marsadomran.info/en/policy_analysis/2016/11/501/
6
[7] Ye, Y. (2012). New town modeling Reviewing Dutch new towns via quantitative methods to provide appropriate tools and strategy for accelerating Chinese new town development, using songjiang new town as the TEST case, MSc thesis, Delft University of Technology.
7
[8] Zhou, J. (2012). Urban Vitality in Dutch and Chinese New Towns. A comparative study between Almere and Tongzhou, MSc thesis, Urbanism department, Faculty of Architecture, TU Delft.
8
[9] Montgomery, J. (1998). Making a City: Urbanity, Vitality and Urban Design. Journal of Urban Design, 3, 93-116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13574809808724418
9
[10] Cullen, G. (1961). Townscape (London, Architectural Press).
10
[11] Lynch, K. (1960). The Image of the City (Cambridge, MA, MIT Press).
11
[12] Alexander, C. (1979). A Timeless Way of Building (New York, Oxford University Press).
12
[13] Jacobs, J. (1961). The Death and Life of Great American Cities (London, Vintage Books).
13
[14] Canter, D. (1977). The Psychology of Place (London, Architectural Press).
14
[15] Punter, J. (1991). Participation in the design of urban space, Landscape Design, 200, pp. 24-27.
15
[16] Anderson, W. P., Kanargoglou, P. S. and Miller, E. (1996). Urban Form, Energy, and the Environment: A Review of Issues, Evidence and Policy. Urban Studies, 33, pp. 17–35
16
[17] Conzen, M. R. G. (1960). Alnwick, Northumberland: A study in town-plan analysis‟. In: Transactions and Papers (Institute of British Geographers), Vol. 27, p.iii-122.
17
[18] Hillier, B. (1996). Space is the Machine: A configurational theory of architecture, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
18
[19] Gehl, J. (2011). Life between Buildings: Using Public Space. Washington DC: Island Press.
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[23] Hillier, B. (1999). Centrality as a process: accounting for attraction inequalities in deformed grids. Urban Design International. 4 (3-4), p. 107-127.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
INFLUENCE OF THE RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION ON THE DAM OPERATION – A STUDY OF ASWAN HIGH DAM IN EGYPT
Reservoirs are an important source of water supply, provide hydropower, reduce the deficiency influences, and provide flood protection. Due to the dam structure and reservoir founding, the releases from the dam has become more restrained and the hanging sediment concentricity summits have been decreased considerably and accumulated upstream the dam. Sediment siltation has increasingly reduced the efficiency of reservoir functionality throughout the years by declining the storage capability. Determining the reservoir sedimentation influence on the dam operation is important to holding current operation and preparing for future polices. The existing paper deals with the review and assessment of the reservoir sedimentation effect on operation of Aswan High Dam (AHD) in Egypt. A new simulation model was developed and calibrated for Aswan High Dam Reservoir (AHDR) to evaluate the reservoir sedimentation effects on the factors affecting the operation of the dam. These factors are Toshka spillway outflows, upstream water levels of AHD, dam safety, withdraw from the reservoir, the losses due to the evaporation and the hydropower generation from AHD. The results of the study displayed that the factors affecting the operation of AHD were affected due to presence of these deposits in AHDR. Therefore, the reservoir sedimentation effect should be considered to implement or develop of simulation models for AHDR.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_120433_f5f7934264a18bc242e9dc1836cfd3da.pdf
2020-09-01
927
950
10.21608/jesaun.2020.120433
Reservoir
Sedimentation
Dam Operation
Aswan High Dam
Nile River
Amir M.
Mobasher
amir_mobasher@cic-cairo.com
1
Assoc. Prof., Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
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[2] Sumi, T. & Hirose, T. (2009), “Accumulation of sediment in reservoirs, Water storage,” transport and distribution, UNESCO-IHE and EOLSS Publishers Co. Ltd., Paris, France, 224–252.
2
[3] Carvalho, N. O., (1998), “Sedimentation and Protection of Reservoirs,” VI National Symposium of Erosion Control, ABGE, Brazil (in Portuguese}.
3
[4] Kande S., (2009), "Reservoir Sedimentation and its Hydrological Impacts: A case Study of Khodiar Reservoir", Unpublished ME Dissertation, LD College of Engineering, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
4
[5] Obialor, C. A., Okeke, O. C., Onunkwo, A. A., Fagorite, V. I., and Ehujuo, N. N., (October 2019), "Reservoir Sedimentation: Causes, Effects And Mitigation", International Journal of Advanced Academic Research | Sciences, Technology and Engineering | ISSN: 2488-9849 Vol. 5, Issue 10.
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[6] EL-Sersawy H. and Farid MS. (2005), “Overview of Sediment Transport Evaluation and Monitoring in the Nile Basin. In”. Ninth Inter. Water Tech. Conf. (NIWTC), Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt. [As reported in Amary W. Study the Sedimentation inside High Aswan Dam Reservoir, M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University; 2008].
6
[7] Tidwell, A. C., (December 2006), “Assessing The Impacts Of Climate Change On River Basin Management: A New Method With Application To The Nile River,” A Dissertation in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology.
7
[8] (MWRI, (2005), “Water for The Future, National Water Resources Plan 2017 (NWRP),” Cairo, Egypt.
8
[9] EL-Sersawy, H., (2005), “Sediment Deposition Mapping in Aswan High Dam Reservoir Using Geographic Information System (GIS),” Ninth Inter. Water Tech. Conf., IWTC9, Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt.
9
[10] Shalash, S., (1982), “Effects of Sedimentation on The Storage Capacity of The High Aswan Dam Reservoir,” Hydrobiologia 92, 623-639.
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[11] Ismail, S. S., and Aziz, M., (2005), “Toshka Spillway Barrages Stability Analysis,” Ninth International Water Technology Conference, IWTC9, Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt.
11
[12] EL-Sersawy H. and Farid MS. (2005), “Overview of Sediment Transport Evaluation and Monitoring in the Nile Basin. In”. Ninth Inter. Water Tech. Conf. (NIWTC), Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt. [As reported in Amary W. Study the Sedimentation inside High Aswan Dam Reservoir, M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University; 2008].
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[13] El-Moattassem M., Abdel-Aziz T. M., and EL-Sersawy, H., (2005), “Modeling of Sedimentation Process in Aswan High Dam Reservoir”. Ninth International Water Technology Conference, Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt.
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[14] Hassan W. E., (2008), “Study of Sedimentation Inside the Lake of The High Dam,” Master Thesis, University of Al-Azhar, Cairo, Egypt.
14
[15] Elsaeed G. H., Aziz M. S., and Ziada W.M, (2016), “Sedimentation Analysis and Prediction for Aswan High Dam Reservoir,” Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 2016, 3(4):302-312, ISSN: 2394-2630.
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[16] Moussa A. M., (2013), “Predicting the deposition in the Aswan High Dam Reservoir using a 2-D model,” Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 4, 143–153.
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[17] Fahmy H., (2001), “Modification and Re-calibration of the Simulation Model of Lake Nasser,” in International Water Resources Assocation, volume 26, Number 1, pp. 129-135.
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[19] Shafik N., (2016), “Updating the surface area and volume equations of Lake Nasser using Multibeam System, in: Nineteenth International Water Technology Conference IWTC 19, Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt.
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[20] Yao, H., and Georgakakos, A. P., (June 2003), “Nile Decision Support Tool River Simulation And Management,” Georgia Water Resources Institute (GWRI), Atlanta.
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[21] NRI 2012, Nile Research Institute Database, NRI, NWRC, Egypt.
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[22] Ostrowski, M., (July 2014), “A Generic Mathematical Formulation of a Piecewise Linear Approximation of Nonlinear Hydrological Storage Processes,” Report in Darmstadt University of technology, Darmstadt, Germany.
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[23] Sutcliffe, J. V., and Parks, Y. P., (1999), “The Hydrology of The Nile,” The Inter. Assoc. of Hydrological Sciences, IAHS Special Publication no. 5, ISBN 1-901502-75-9, UK.
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[24] Georgakakos, A. P., Yao, H., and Miller, F., (May 1997), “A Decision Support System For The High Aswan Dam,” Waterpower.
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[25] Hassan, R., Hekal, N., and Mansor, N., (2007), “Evaporation Reduction from Lake Naser Using New Environmentally Safe Techniques,” Eleventh International Water Technology Conference, IWTC11 Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt.
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[26] Ministry of water resources and irrigation, (2013), “Proposed Climate Change Adaptation Strategy for the Ministry of Water Resources & Irrigation in Egypt,” Cairo, Egypt.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Developing a systematic framework for smart urban transformation towards sustainability: in the context of Egyptian case تطوير إطار منهجي للتحول الحضري الذکي نحو الاستدامة: في سياق الحالة المصرية
Contemporary Egyptian cities are in need to ensure sustainable development and to address urban, social, economic and environmental problems. Despite the great potential of smart cities to improve the economy, conditions of cities and population conditions, this potential has not been fully realized, the frameworks and models of the current smart cities are still not enough to make the smart city concept successful in the context of Egyptian case. This paper aims to provide an in-depth systematic framework for urban transformation towards smart sustainable city in the context of Egyptian case. This study relied on qualitative and critical analysis of a selective set of literature and previous studies. The architecture of proposed framework is based on the conceptual theoretical model of the phenomenon of smart urban transformation; Analysis of strategic planning methodology for urban development; as well as the context of the Egyptian cities with regard to the application of smart city concept. The proposed framework is a guiding reference tool for policy makers, academics, executives or decision makers, enabling them to develop an effective and realistic strategic plan to make city smart rather than adopting policies and strategies that may not be compatible with Local context. That ensures more chances of success, based on a realistic and modern theoretical model of smart urban transformation.
المدن المصرية المعاصرة بحاجة لتصبح أکثر ذکاءً لضمان التنمية المستدامة ولمواجهة المشکلات الحضرية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية والبيئية الملحة. وعلى الرغم مما تتمتع به المدن الذکية من إمکانيات کبيرة لتحسين اقتصاد وظروف المدن وأحوال السکان؛ إلا أن هذه الإمکانات لم تتحقق بالکامل. فأطر ونماذج المدن الذکية الحالية لازالت لا تکفي لإنجاح تطبيق مفهوم المدينة الذکية في سياق الحالة المصرية نظرا لما تواجهه المدن المصرية من تحديات حضرية متفاقمة. فمن خلال مراجعة الأدبيات والدراسات السابقة تبين وجود نقص في الدراسات الخاصة بالمنهجيات والمقاييس لإدارة وتنفيذ عمليات التحول نحو المدينة الذکية – في سياق الدول النامية بشکل عام- کما أنه هناک فجوة معرفية في مجال الأطر المنهجية للتحول الذکي في السياق المصري؛ لذا تهدف هذه الورقة لتقديم إطار منهجي متکامل متعمق للتحول الحضري نحو المدينة الذکية المستدامة في سياق الحالة المصرية، وذلک بتطبيق منهجية التخطيط الاستراتيجي للتنمية الحضرية. وقد اعتمدت الدراسة على التحليل النوعي والنقدي لمجموعة انتقائية من الأدبيات والدراسات. وذلک للبناء المعرفي لظاهرة التحول الذکي للمدن؛ وکذلک لتحليل منهجية التخطيط الاستراتيجي للتنمية الحضرية وسياق الحالة المصرية. والإطار المقدم يتميز-عما طرح في الدراسات السابقة من أطر في سياق الدول النامية- باشتماله على: مرحلتي الاعداد والتحضير وتهيئة المدينة وتأتي اهمية تلک المراحل في مد الجسور بين الواقع والمأمول؛ مؤشرات الأداء الرئيسية في مراحل مختلفة مما يتيح مقارنة أداء المدينة قبل وبعد تنفيذ المبادرات والبرامج لقياس مستوى التقدم نحو الأهداف وتقويم الاستراتيجية بما يضمن استمرارية عملية التحول والتطوير. ويعد إطار العمل المقترح؛ أداة مرجعية استرشادية للمعنيين بالتنمية وصنع السياسات الحضرية في مصر، سواء الأکاديميين أو التنفيذيين أو صانعي القرار؛ تمکنهم من تطوير خطة استراتيجية فعالة وواقعية للتحول نحو مدن ذکية مستدامة بدلا من تبني سياسات واستراتيجيات قد لا تتوافق مع الواقع المحلي. مما يکفل زيادة فرص النجاح؛ وذلک لاستناده على النموذج النظري الواقعي والحديث لعملية التحول الحضري الذکي؛ ونموذج منهجية التخطيط الاستراتيجي للتنمية الحضرية؛ وکذلک أيضا سياق الحالة المصرية فيما يتعلق بتطبيق مفهوم المدينة الذکية المستدامة.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_124883_f56bdca11a12e09afae5cbff6365d774.pdf
2020-09-01
951
978
10.21608/jesaun.2020.124883
Smart Sustainable City
urban transformation
The Context of the Egyptian cities
Strategic Urban Planning المدينة الذکية المستدامة – التحول الحضري – سياق الحالة المصرية – التخطيط الحضري الاستراتيجي
Salwa A
Megahed
1
Architectural Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt.
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1
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Residential balconies in contemporary Egyptian architecture: An analytical study الشرفات السکنية في العمارة المصرية المعاصرة: دراسة تحليلية
Balconies in residential buildings are an integral part of the housing unit; they are spaces that complement the housing unit because it provides the house with a relatively specific external space from which it interacts with the outside environment; in addition to providing a view of the external environment surrounding the housing unit. Residential balconies in contemporary Egyptian architecture are gradually losing their basic function in a large proportion of residential buildings in Egypt, especially in distracts with high population densities. In addition to the random treatments of the owners of housing units for their balconies with additions and finishing materials in different colors and shapes.Every housing unit is looking for individual excellence in its own balconies without taking into account the harmony between them and the facade of the building which is part of it or the surrounding environment in general, For this reason, the Egyptian National Authority for Cultural Coordination was considered to consider balconies a form of visual pollution in Egyptian cities. The research aims to find out the reasons for the changes in the residential balconies in the contemporary Egyptian architecture in terms of function and general appearance, by studying the current situation of the residential balconies, and analyzing it to know the reasons for this change and its problems and thus suggest a set of treatments and controls that contribute to the improvement of the current situation and take into account in future designs. This is based on a systematic analysis based on the analysis of the studies carried out in this field, field studies, available information sources and relevant references. تعد الشرفات في المباني السکنية جزء لا يتجزأ من الوحدة السکنية؛ فهي فراغات مکملة للوحدة السکنية لما توفره للمسکن من فراغ خارجي يتسم بخصوصية نسبية ويتم التفاعل منه مع المحيط الخارجي؛ إضافة إلى توفير إطلالة على البيئة الخارجية المحيطة بالوحدة السکنية. بدأت الشرفات السکنية في العمارة المصرية المعاصرة تفقد وظيفتها الأساسية تدريجيا في نسبة کبيرة من المباني السکنية في مصر وخاصة في المناطق ذات الکثافات السکانية العالية أو المطلة على شوارع ضيقة نسبياً وتتحول إلى مخزن للوحدة السکنية أو منشر للملابس، أو يتم ضمها للفراغ الداخلي للوحدة السکنية لزيادة مساحة الفراغ الداخلي؛ إضافة إلى ذلک العشوائية في معالجة أصحاب الوحدات السکنية للشرفات الخاصة بهم بإضافات ومواد تشطيبات بألوان وأشکال مختلفة کلا على حدة. فکل وحدة سکنية تبحث عن التميز الفردي في الشرفات الخاصة بها دون مراعاة التناسق فيما بينها وبين واجهة المبنى التي هي جزء منها أو البيئة المحيطة بشکل عام، وهو ما دعا الجهاز القومي المصري للتنسيق الحضاري إلى اعتبار شرفات المباني السکنية أحد أشکال التلوث البصري في المدن المصرية. يهدف البحث إلى محاولة الوقوف على الأسباب الحقيقية للتغيرات المستجدة على الشرفات السکنية في العمارة المصرية المعاصرة من حيث الوظيفة والمظهر العام؛ وذلک من خلال دراسة الوضع الراهن للشرفات وتحليله للوقوف على أسباب هذا التحول والمشاکل الناتجة عنه وبالتالي اقتراح مجموعة من المعالجات والضوابط التي تساهم في تحسين الوضع القائم ومراعاة ذلک في التصاميم المستقبلية؛ وذلک في إطار منهجي يعتمد على تحليل الدراسات التي تمت في هذا الاتجاه ودراسة وتقييم الوضع الراهن من خلال الدراسات الميدانية ومصادر المعلومات المتاحة والمراجع ذات الصلة.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_124884_ea42b84949b44b93a545a45b8b2eada4.pdf
2020-09-01
979
997
10.21608/jesaun.2020.124884
Balconies
Residential Buildings
privacy
treatments
Visual pollution الشرفات – المباني السکنية – الخصوصية – المعالجات – التلوث البصري
Essam Salah Said
Abdel Magid
essam_sss@yahoo.com
1
Architectural Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
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