ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
THE ROLE OF EVAPORATION TOWARDS WATER BUDGET IN JORDAN
Water in Jordan is chronic problem due to the incremental demand and shortage of resources. This effect is so clear not only for drinking, but for domestic, industries, and agriculture uses. Evaporation considers the major cause of loss of hydrological cycle and stored water, which needs more study and more tools and technology in order to decrease the turn of this parameter within specific place and specific methodology. Meteorological stations are the suitable places for instillation various equipments of measurement of solar radiation, temperature, humidity, wind, pressure, and precipitation. But, it differs in size, objects, and distance between each other. Isra station was selected to be used for studying hydrology and metrology parameters at the campus and surround area by researches through available means at the present time and others in the future after it's obtained.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_118710_e6a79173f1170c41a38995ff66252e3a.pdf
2008-09-01
1061
1070
10.21608/jesaun.2008.118710
Jordan
water
Evaporation
Hydrology
metrology
O.
Dhaimat
oqlahdhaimat@yahoo.com
1
Associate professor, Al-Isra University, Jordan,
AUTHOR
F.
A’fishat
eng_fatena@yahoo.com
2
Instructor, Al-Isra University, Jordan,
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
PARAMETRIC STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF DEAD LOADS ON BEAM NATURAL FREQUENCIES
One of the hot research topics nowadays is structural health monitoring. The most useful damage location methods (based on dynamic testing) are probably those using changes in resonant frequencies. This study is concerned with parametric study of the effect of dead loads on the natural frequencies of beams. The study includes two types of dead loads; distributed and concentrated loads for different models. The first ten mode frequencies are studied for each model. Based on the numerical results, it is shown that both distributed and concentrated loads have considerable influence on the lower frequencies of beams, especially the fundamental one. Also, it is found that the influence of dead loads on beam frequencies depends on cross- section moment of inertia and span-length. Furthermore, it is found that the effect of dead loads decreases with the increase of number of beam spans. Also, certain cases of loadings provide high change of frequencies due to dead loads. On the other hand, the percentage changes of frequencies due to dead loads with different values of mass density and modulus of elasticity are the same.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_118711_50fcc7f7aeda6edff9d8cd5d2c908d87.pdf
2008-09-01
1071
1083
10.21608/jesaun.2008.118711
parametric study
dead loads
beam natural frequencies
mass density
and modulus of elasticity
Mohamed
Abdel-Basset Abdo
1
Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
POSSIBILITIES OF COSTS REDUCTION FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECT REALIZATION IN YEMEN
The contribution contains partial results of the research focused on exploration of impacts influencing the overall amount of costs for construction of blocks of flats in Yemen. These are mainly the following: placing the building in a particular locality, using local building materials and existing assortment of imported building materials (their characteristics and dimensions), using geological research when making design of building foundations, scheduling,etc. The designer must take these impacts into regard when making design of a building to decrease the costs for its construction as well as utilization. The performed research showed that for example by proper foundation in accordance with particular geological conditions there can be achieved a reduction of the overall costs for project construction even by 8.5 %, by proper selection of building material and and its better use ( without excessive waste) up to 5 % of total costs can be saved. The project must be executed in optimum time and using CPM methods up to 2.6 % of total costs for project construction can be saved.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_118715_a2ae000eff1a32ebb7360a6dbbf3531c.pdf
2008-09-01
1085
1094
10.21608/jesaun.2008.118715
costs
Construction project
Building Materials
design preparation
economic efficiency
Salem
Khamis
1
Hadramout University of Science and Technology Faculty of Engineering and Petrolium
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A THEORETICAL STUDY ON COLLAPSE MECHANISM AND STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR OF MULTI-STORY RC FRAMES SUBJECTED TO EARTHQUAKE LOADING
In the current study, nonlinear finite element approach was utilized to investigate the behavior and collapse mechanism of RC multistory frames subjected to earthquake motion. Since it is not an economic procedure to design structures to respond to earthquake loads in their elastic range, dissipation of energy by post-elastic deformation has been recommended in the last decades. Plastic hinges are specific zones at structural members where energy is dissipated through the plastic deformation without significant failure of the whole structure. This idea is an extension of the ductile design concept in building seismically resistant enoughductile and limited-ductile reinforced concrete frames. So the nonlinear behavior of multi-storey RC frames under earthquake loading and the corresponding failure mechanisms were studied. The plastic hinge is assumed to occur when steel reaches yielding or concrete reaches ultimate strength. In all cases, yielding of steel occurs first because the sections are designed to be under-reinforced sections. The behavior of RC multistory frames is investigated focusing on propagation of plastic hinge as affected by number of stories, grade of concrete and changing of main reinforcement ratios under the effect of three input motions. The nonlinear behavior is represented by the following items: angle of beam and column rotation; time of first beam and column hinge occurrence; total number of beam and column hinges; maximum induced base shear; peak relative horizontal acceleration; peak relative horizontal displacement; and Interstorey drift diagrams. Several conclusions are drawn out for future design of RC multistory frames.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_118717_88a10ff2cdb17c9828d448489939f3e6.pdf
2008-09-01
1095
1118
10.21608/jesaun.2008.118717
Collapse Mechanism
seismic response
RC multistory Frames
Plastic Hinge Analysis
Time Integration
Nonlinear Analysis
Fayez
Kaiser A.
1
Civil Eng. Dept., Faculty of Eng., Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
Khairy
Hassan Abdelkareem
2
Civil Eng. Dept., Faculty of Eng., Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
M.
Abdelshakur
3
Civil Eng. Dept., Faculty of Eng., Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
PREDICTION OF ULTIMATE FLEXURAL CAPACITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS STRENGTHENED WITH CFRP LAMINATE
This study investigates the effect of externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) laminates on the flexural capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) beams used in the strengthening and repair of damaged structures. The main goal of this study is the development of analytical capabilities to predict the flexural behavior of RC beams strengthened with CFRP. Reinforced concrete structures deteriorate over time due to environmental aging, fatigue, excessive loading, chemical attack, and other factors. Strengthening and rehabilitating these concrete structures by externally bonding carbon laminates is one of many economical engineering solutions. The final formulae of the required equations used to predict the flexural capacity, not only for rectangular sections but also for T beams, had been derived. A comparison between the flexural capacities calculated using the derived equation and those obtained from experimental tests, from different references, is made to check the validity of the proposed procedure. A good agreement between the calculated and the tested values is obtained.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_118719_0892d7fccc08ae26214011ee7786a6a2.pdf
2008-09-01
1119
1132
10.21608/jesaun.2008.118719
RC beams
T-beams
Retrofit
repair
strengthening
CFRP
Advanced composite materials
M. H.
Mansour
mhm_soliman@yahoo.com
1
Civil Eng. Dept., Faculty of Eng., Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
K. A.
Mahmoud
2
Civil Eng. Dept., Faculty of Eng., Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
SENSORLESS VECTOR CONTROL OF PM SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS USING ADAPTIVE STATE OBSERVERS WITH DISTURBANCE TORQUE ESTIMATION
In this paper, a novel sensorless nonlinear speed control for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) driving an unknown load torque is developed and integrated with the vector control scheme. An extended nonlinear state observer with parameter adaptive scheme is used to estimate the states of the motor and disturbance torque avoiding the use of mechanical sensors. The parameter identified adaptively is stator resistance which varies with motor temperature and frequency. Furthermore, to improve the performance of the speed controller the load inertia is identified by the periodic test signal. The proposed sensorless makes the drive system accurate, robust and insensitive to parameter variation. The steady state and dynamic performances of the proposed sensorless drive using digital simulation results are demonstrated.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_118720_c3b890379e6fbc7836fd41b1ff29b407.pdf
2008-09-01
1189
1211
10.21608/jesaun.2008.118720
Yehia
S. Mohamed
1
Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
AN ENHANCEMENT OF PAGERANK ALGORITHM COMPUTATION TIME (PRCT)
The World Wide Web is growing at phenomenal rates. Millions of result returned from search engines. The rank of pages in the search engines is very important. One of the basic rank algorithms is PageRank algorithm. This paper proposed an enhancement of PageRank algorithm to speed up the computation. The results of the proposed algorithm is speed up the computation time by nearly 22%.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_118722_23da7af2eca5ad3ece7707110f04e6ac.pdf
2008-09-01
1213
1223
10.21608/jesaun.2008.118722
search engine
ranking algorithms
PageRank algorithm
Mahmoud
Z. Abdu,
eng_mahmouzaki@hotmail.com
1
Electronics & Communication Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Egypt
AUTHOR
Manal
A. Ismail,
manal_shoman@helwan.edu.eg
2
Electronics & Communication Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mohamed
E. El-Adawy
3
Electronics & Communication Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
OPTIMAL SELECTION OF THRESHOLD LEVELS AND WAVELET FILTERS FOR HIGH QUALITY ECG SIGNAL COMPRESSION
Although most of the theoretical and implementation aspects of wavelet based algorithms in ElectroCardioGram (ECG) signal compression are well studied, many issues related to the choice of wavelet filters and threshold levels selection remain unresolved. The utilization of optimal mother wavelet will lead to localization and maximization of wavelet coefficients' values in wavelet domain. This paper presents an ECG compressor based on the optimal selection of wavelet filters and threshold levels in different subbands that achieve maximum data volume reduction while guaranteeing reconstruction quality. The proposed algorithm starts by segmenting the ECG signal into frames; where each frame is decomposed into m subbands through optimized wavelet filters. The resulting wavelet coefficients are threshold and those having absolute values below specified threshold levels in all subands are deleted and the remaining coefficients are appropriately encoded with a modified version of the run-length coding scheme. The threshold levels to use, before encoding, are adjusted in an optimum manner, until predefined compression ratio and signal quality are achieved. Extensive experimental tests were made by applying the algorithm to ECG records from the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database [1]. The compression ratio (CR), the percent root-mean-square difference (PRD) and the zero-mean percent root-mean-square difference (PRD1) measures are used for measuring the algorithm performance (high CR with excellent reconstruction quality). From the obtained results, it can be deduced that the performance of the optimized signal dependent wavelet outperforms that of Daubechies and Coiflet standard wavelets. However, the computational complexity of the proposed technique is the price paid for the improvement in the compression performance measures. Finally, it should be noted that the proposed method is flexible in controlling the quality of the reconstructed signals and the volume of the compressed signals by establishing target PRD and CR a priori respectively.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_118723_5cf8676ec1af72b4f3cda71f5a7880b2.pdf
2008-09-01
1225
1243
10.21608/jesaun.2008.118723
ECG signal compression
Discrete Wavelet Transform
Coding
Thresholding
Sabah
M. Ahmed
sabahma@yahoo.com
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University , Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
CAVITATION INCEPTION IN FLOW OVER A SQUARE-SECTION CYLINDER
This paper presents an experimental investigation of the onset of cavitation over a square-section cylinder. A numerical simulation of noncavitating steady incompressible turbulent flow around the cylinder was also performed. Three square-section cylinders of different sizes have been tested in a water tunnel. Cavitation inception has been detected visually. Observations of cavitation inception showed that the first visible traces of cavitation appear in the form of small bubbles in the free shear layer at the leading edge corners of the cylinders suggesting that the small-scale vortices in the shear layer over the side faces and associated pressure fluctuations are responsible for the onset of cavitation. The cavitation inception indices have been found to decrease with increasing the freestream velocity. In addition, the results showed that the variation of the cylinder size has no effect on the cavitation inception indices.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_118724_f6d052db981880656f424a22c80126a7.pdf
2008-09-01
1133
1144
10.21608/jesaun.2008.118724
M. M.
Mosallem
mosall2000@yahoo.com
1
Department of Mechanical Power Engineering and Energy; Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
MODELING OF RAW CANE-SUGAR SYRUP CONCENTRATION USING DIRECT CONTACT MEMBRANE DISTILLATION
Membrane distillation is an emerging technology for separations that are traditionally accomplished by conventional separation processes such as distillation and reverse osmosis. The membrane distillation driving force is the transmembrane vapor pressure difference that may be maintained with an aqueous solution colder than the feed solution in direct contact with the permeate side of the membrane giving rise to the configuration known as direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). This process is ideally suited for the concentration of aqueous streams such as fruit juice and sugar solutions. The present numerical study is carried out to describe how the technique of DCMD can be applied to the concentration of cane-sugar syrup. The main objective of the present study is to provide a detailed numerical analysis of the heat and mass transfer in DCMD and to offer useful basic detailed information about the nature of the process that is needed for process improvement and optimization. In this regards, the present study is carried out to explore the effects of parameters such as the feed temperature, the feed concentration and the hydrodynamics of the hot and cold solutions on the distillate volume flow. The developed method allows solving numerically the hydrodynamic, heat and mass transport equations with permeation taken into account. Velocity and temperature distributions inside the membrane feed and cold solution channels were obtained, as well as the concentration profiles of the cane-sugar syrup in the membrane feed channel. Some of the principal conclusions drawn from the present study are: (1) the distillate volume flux increases with the feed temperature, (2) the distillate volume flow decreases as the feed initial concentration increases, and (3) the distillate volume flow increases with the flow rate through the feed channel. The results were compared with the available data and the agreement is satisfactory.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_118725_62b4b4d216af85c9546db5296708cd7b.pdf
2008-09-01
1145
1165
10.21608/jesaun.2008.118725
membrane distillation
Direct contact membrane distillation
modeling
Cane-sugar syrup, Concentration
Ali K.
Abdel-Rahman
nada_ali54@yahoo.com
1
Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, EGYPT
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
MODELING TEMPERATURE AND SALT CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTIONS IN DIRECT CONTACT MEMBRANE DISTILLATION
Modern desalination technologies, applied to seawater and brackish water, offer effective alternatives in a variety of circumstances. Because of its low energy consumption, accessible running conditions and simple maintenance, membrane distillation (MD) has become one of the cheapest technologies for seawater desalination. The membrane distillation driving force is the transmembrane vapor pressure difference that may be maintained with an aqueous solution colder than the feed solution in direct contact with the permeate side of the membrane giving rise to the configuration known as direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). The main objective of the present study is to provide a detailed numerical analysis of the heat and mass transfer in DCMD and to offer useful basic detailed information about the nature of the process that is needed for process improvement and optimization. Moreover, the present study is carried out to investigate the effect of parameters such as the inlet temperatures of the hot and cold solutions, the concentration of the feed (hot) solution, the inlet velocity of the hot and cold solutions on the process characteristics of DCMD desalination evaluated in terms of the permeate flux and the process thermal efficiency. The direct contact membrane distillation process has been modeled as a two-dimensional coupled problem in which a simultaneous numerical solution of the momentum, energy and diffusion equations of the feed and cold solutions have been carried out with permeation taken into account. Velocity and temperature distributions inside the membrane feed and cold solution channels are obtained. Some of the principal conclusions drawn from the present study are: (1) increasing the inlet temperature of the hot solution has a major effect on the permeate flux, (2) increasing the feed water salt concentration decreases the permeate flux, (3) the inlet velocities of the hot and cold solutions have a relatively strong effect on the permeate flux.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_118726_da32ffe17fd391f214e6e2c75cb91678.pdf
2008-09-01
1167
1188
10.21608/jesaun.2008.118726
distillation
Direct contact membrane distillation
modeling
Temperature polarization
Concentration polarization
Ali K.
Abdel-Rahman
nada_ali54@yahoo.com
1
Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, EGYPT
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
GLAZED OPENINGS' DESIGN AND ITS EFFECT ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN SAUDI ARABIA
The running cost of residential buildings could be one of the important tools that can support the concept of the Affordable Housing. This is because residential buildings consume almost 50% of total produced electricity in the kingdom. Several studies has shown that heat gains through external envelope can reach up to 75% of the total heat loads of the building. Therefore, saving energy in buildings can start from the external envelope and its components such as form, orientation, material and the fenestrations. This paper aims to investigate the effect of glazing openings on energy consumption in residential buildings in Saudi Arabia.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_118727_b608ce61a849a9f81ac67b0fdef8fdad.pdf
2008-09-01
1245
1253
10.21608/jesaun.2008.118727
Glazing
thermal insulation
Residential Buildings
energy consumption in residential buildings
Khalid
Alshaibani
kshaibani@gmail.com
1
College of Architecture and Planning, King Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ELEMENTARY EDUCATION BUILDINGS IN YEMEN CITIES PROBLEMS AND TRENDS SOLUTIONS “ALMUKALLA AS A CASE STUDY”
Elementary education buildings are considered the finest and vital educational Environment that represents a priority in social services. This study aims at analyzing actual conditions of elementary education buildings(primary schools) in Yemen cities (Almukalla as a case study) in order to investigate their architectural problems and solution approaches. The research has used the 'survey' as a field study and the ' Questionnaire' directed to users (pupils, teachers and administrative staff) as well as the architecture point of view of the investigator. As a research method and as an information resource of data base studies for determining the problems and various types of treatment that are essential to fulfill the educational needs and social objectives in Yemen cities.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_119571_8350568683144bc9cf2561faa84d5be5.pdf
2008-09-01
1255
1286
10.21608/jesaun.2008.119571
Magdy
Mohamed Radwan
1
Architecture Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University
AUTHOR
Mamdoh
Ali Yousef
2
Architecture Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University
AUTHOR
Hesham
Hady EL Bayete
3
Architecture Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
VALUES CRISIS IN CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE WITH CONCENTRATION ON EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE IN ASSIUT CITY AS A MODEL
It is noted that the contemporary architecture has influenced by western architectural styles and it has just become an imitation to west models which reflect western values and traditions that are different from Islamic values, thus contemporary architecture lacked all human and social values. The study aims at studying values in contemporary architecture to check the values that must be developed to get architectural model that suits the needs and requirements of the inhabitants and their Islamic instructions. To achieve these aims, the researcher determined some pivots by which he can achieve these goals. The researcher concluded the required values that must be prevailing in architecture: achieving privacy by its types, caring for family, neighbors' rights and the social values. The study revealed that the factors that lead to lack values and their deterioration in contemporary architecture are: the deterioration of Islamic civilization, the education of the architect, the deterioration of economic level, laws of building, mass media and financial factors. The study revealed that the contemporary architecture lacked human and social values which were greatly prevailing in past architecture. At the end, the study concluded that contemporary architecture in Assiut city lacked the values whether in governmental, official or random architecture.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_119572_571736a91a1774cd1b773d514ae5d2c7.pdf
2008-09-01
1287
1299
10.21608/jesaun.2008.119572
Ahmed
Helal Mohammed
dra_helal@yahoo.com
1
Professor of Architectural designs, King Abdeh Aziz University, Jeddeh, POB 8020 Jeddeh 21589,
AUTHOR
Amar
Sadeq Dahlan
2
Head of the Architecture department, Faculty of Environmental Designs, Jeddeh,POB 8020 Jeddeh 21589
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
PRIVACY CRISIS IN CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE WITH CONCENTRATION ON CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE IN JEDDEH CITY AS A MODEL
After checking the architecture of the city, it is noted that the structure of the city does not suit the traditions and values of our society and religion. The structure is disconnected and characterized by its separation and the design is based on outside shape which gives an impression of separation and isolation. For architectural aspects, such as the privacy which is considered one of the most important characters of architectural aspects, the designer neglected this value because he is imitating and transferring the models of western architecture, and those models lacked any regulations for holes and frames places that are required to achieve privacy ,thus the inhabitants obliged to use various methods to achieve privacy for their houses The buildings multiuse and as it closed to each other lead to the lack of audio privacy. The researcher concluded that the contemporary architecture lacked privacy as a result of many factors. The researcher also concluded that the preview of contemporary architecture in Jeddeh city reflects the lacking of privacy, thus contemporary architecture lacked audio or visual privacy.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_119573_2c81684276e322fe6ebfa608eb86de45.pdf
2008-09-01
1301
1318
10.21608/jesaun.2008.119573
Ahmed
Helal Mohammed
dra_helal@yahoo.com
1
Professor of Architectural designs, King Abdeh Aziz University, Jeddeh, POB 8020 Jeddeh 21589,
AUTHOR
Amar
sadeq Dahlan
2
Head of the Architecture department, Faculty of Environmental Designs, Jeddeh,POB 8020 Jeddeh 21589
AUTHOR