ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF INLET AND OUTLET GEOMETRIC SHAPE VARIATIONS OF A PIPE CULVERT ON LOCAL HEAD-LOSSES
This research investigates the losses resulting from the sudden contraction and expansion of a pipe culvert. A four hundred runs were carried out considering various angles and contraction ratios at inlet and outlet of the pipe culvert and downstream submerged ratios with different flow conditions. Results were analyzed and graphically presented. The results indicated that the inlet angle of 15ᵒ with width contraction ratio of (bu/D = 2.33) gives the least values of losses at the transition from a free-surface channel to the pipe culvert. For the transition from a conduit to a free-surface channel, the outlet angle of 60ᵒ with a submerged ratio of (hd/D = 0.20) and the outlet angle of 30ᵒ with submerged ratios of (hd/D=0.4, 0.6 and 0.8) give the least values of losses at width contraction ratio of (bd/D = 2.33).These results agree well with the results obtained from previous studies.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115294_8878ce7c45865059324efbbf9de22d02.pdf
2015-11-01
807
822
10.21608/jesaun.2015.115294
culvert
Energy Loss
Pipe Entrance
Pipe Exit
Physical model
Nassralla T.
H.
1
Civil Eng Department, Benha University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
PERFORMANCE OF MASONRY ARCHES STRENGTHENED WITH CFRP SANDWICH
Upgrading and strengthening of structural and architectural arches for functionality purpose as well as for conversation of cultural heritage are of great concern. In the current research, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) was used to raise the structural integrity of masonry arches. The strengthening efficiency and structural performance of arches having semi-circle and quarter circle shapes covering the same opening span were studied. Strengthening by fitting CFRP sheets in a Sandwich form was investigated. At the beginning, CFRP sheets alone were directly applied along the intrados and extrados surfaces of the arches. Secondly, the same technique was adopted but after adding a thin layer of plain concrete at the extrados surface prior to the application of the external layer of CFRP. Six Arches with different strengthening configurations were prepared. Comprehensive static and dynamic evaluations were conducted. The efficiency of strengthened arches with semi-circle shape was found, in general, better than arches of quarter circle shape. CFRP works on prevention of the formation of hinges in either the extrados or intrados surfaces of the arches, and consequently improving the performance of arches during failure. The load carrying capacity was also enhanced significantly. The addition of thin plain concrete layer was found significant in distributing the applied load and preventing the conventional slippage failure mode at interface between mortar and bricks. The obtained dynamic modal parameters of the examined arches due to excitation with light impact hummer at the crest of strengthened arches showed enhancement in their dynamic performance as well.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115296_37f0c70dbd3c07ca39ceccda62ba8e86.pdf
2015-11-01
823
836
10.21608/jesaun.2015.115296
Masonry Arches
CFRP strengthening
Physical modeling
Collapse
damage
Dynamic analysis
Ahmed M.
Anwar
1
Construction Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ECG SIGNAL COMPRESSION TECHNIQUE BASED ON DWT AND EXPLOITATION OF INTERBEATS AND INTRABEATS CORRELATIONS
A hybrid ECG compression technique based on DWT and reducing the correlation between signal samples and beats has been presented in this paper. It starts by segmenting the ECG signal into blocks; each has 1024 samples. Then, DPCM approach is adopted by removing the redundancy between successive samples. This yields to residual signal with QRS-complex like waveform without the presence of P-, T- and U-waves. Then the first QRS-complex like wave is isolated and all the succeeding ones are subtracted from the preceding ones to remove the redundancy between signal beats. The next process depends on the application. For telediagnoses, the resulting residual signal is wavelet transformed while for telemonitoring both the first QRS-complex like wave and the residual signal are wavelet transformed. In both cases the resulting wavelet coefficients are thresholded based on energy packing efficiency and coded using modified run-length algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithm has been tested on records extracted from MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. Simulation results illustrate the excellent quality of the reconstructed signal with percentage-root-mean square difference less than 1.5% and compression ratios greater than 20.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115297_f80f953d1abb6778743af2af0e590298.pdf
2015-11-01
837
856
10.21608/jesaun.2015.115297
ECG compression
Wavelets
Telediagnoses
Telemonitoring
Heart Diseases
Arrhythmia
Mohamed M.
Abo-Zahhad
eng_mmz_eg@yahoo.com
1
Engineer at Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
Aziza I.
Hussein
2
Depart. of Computer and Systems Eng., Faculty of Eng., Minia University,Minia, Egypt
AUTHOR
Abdelfatah M.
Mohamed
afmm52@yahoo.com
3
Depart. of Electrical and Electronics Eng., Faculty of Eng., Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
SYNERGY OF SIMULATED ANNEALING AND PARTICLE SWARM ALGORITHMS FOR OPTIMIZING STATCOM DAMPING CONTROLLER
Synergy of Simulated Annealing (SA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for optimal design of Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) controller is advised in this article. The advised SA-PSO algorithm remedies the premature convergence and parameter dependency of PSO via SA probabilistic jumping property, metropolis process. The STATCOM controller design is formulated as nonlinear constrained optimization problem. The objective function considers the key operating states, while satisfying a predesigned stability margin and achieving performance objectives. The advised SA-PSO efficiently damps the power system oscillations following severe disturbance/fault conditions, while fulfilling the STATCOM basic function in regulating voltage profiles and confining with the operational limits. The dynamic performance of the Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) and Multi Machine Power (MMP) systems equipped with STATCOM tuned via PSO, SA and SA-PSO is investigated under different operating conditions. The functionality of STATCOM stabilizing controller to restore SMIB system stability under different disturbances and loading conditions is verified. Furthermore, STATCOM damping controller capability of maintaining stability under fault scenarios is corroborated for MMP system. The comprehensive simulation results from SMIB and MMP systems demonstrate robustness, effectiveness, and visibility of the advised SA-PSO in tuning STATCOM compared with PSO and SA.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115298_5bdd53ef589764ce28bc472428261911.pdf
2015-11-01
857
881
10.21608/jesaun.2015.115298
Static synchronous compensator
Particle Swarm Optimization
simulated annealing
Hybrid
Single-Machine Infinite Bus System
Multi-Machine Power System
disturbances
Faults
Ahmed A. A.
Hafez
elhafez@aun.edu.eg
1
Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF DAMIETTA: AS A COASTAL INTERMEDIATE CITY IN EGYPT
Damietta[1] is a port and the capital of the Damietta Governorate in Egypt. It is located at the Damietta branch, a distributary of the Nile, (latitude 31°25′N, longitude 31°49′E). Damietta is located at the Damietta branch, a distributor of the Nile, 15 kilometer (9.3 mi) from the Mediterranean Sea, about 200 kilometers (120 mi) north of Cairo. [2]The intermediate cities are considered to be one of the cities that had a vital and powerful foundation in establishing a significant economic and social interaction. Damietta is classified as an intermediate city (according to UIA-CIMES program) that has costal environments with great economic value. This Paper aims to highlight the features of sustainable development to prospers coastal intermediate cities and provide plans and new approaches to be applied to its counterpart, then to predict the rates of urban development in order to control the direction of sustainable urbanization in intermediate cities.All of these issues were studied previously from the theoretical point of view that deals with the concepts related to the research problematic, and reviewed it through an analytical study of the city represented in Damietta city as a coastal intermediate city on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, to come with an analytical research ended with results & recommendations.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115299_58cddcf842213fceeb1b295bf75aecab.pdf
2015-11-01
882
902
10.21608/jesaun.2015.115299
Sustainable development - Intermediate cities - coastal cities
Coastal Area - Damietta city
Ahmed Yehia Mohamed Gamal E-ldin
Rashid
1
Department of Architecture, British University
AUTHOR
Mona Awad
Abo El-Anin
2
Department of Architecture, Mansoura University
AUTHOR
Walaa
Abd Al-Razik
walaa.a.elrazik@gmail.com
3
Architect
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
THE PROTECTION OF URBAN HERITAGE INDICATORS IN SAUDI ARABIA
Saudi Arabia has focused recently on the protection of urban heritage which abounds in various areas. Since it has recently intensified efforts to protect the urban heritage through the establishment of many official and non-official frameworks relevant to the protection of urban heritage and work to find ways and means for the rehabilitation and development of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, accompanied by the launch of several projects , conferences, workshops and the development of research centers that aim to protect the urban heritage in a serious attempt to rectify the delay in the protection and preservation. The research problem in the lack of indicators determine Are these efforts achieved their objectives or not, especially as the main beneficiary of this is the citizen. The importance of research in highlighting the role played by the agencies responsible for the protection of urban heritage and enhances its role and support to continue to perform its functions. The research aims to reach conclusions and recommendations to assist decision-makers in addressing the negatives and enhance positives regarding the protection of urban heritage and preservation of historical monuments in Saudi Arabia. The study was based on a descriptive approach to assess the size of the effort compared to the global indicators, in addition to the direct method of the survey among the citizens to evaluate and measure the actual reflection of the efforts in the protection of urban heritage, which will be felt and understood by citizens as the first beneficiary of the preservation of this heritage and development. The study found significant findings and recommendations is that the efforts that have been made are considered standard compared to the amount of time available and modern mobility and experience, but its impact on citizens and raise public awareness has not sufficiently, And that the competent authorities need other efforts to overcome the obstacles on to give the true value of this architectural heritage , which was considered a precious treasure reflects the history and culture of each city and wealth should not alienate them.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115300_470329bb6d016998dc890402a57973af.pdf
2015-11-01
903
928
10.21608/jesaun.2015.115300
Indicators
The protection of urban heritage
Rehabilitation
Urban Conservation
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Samir Nour Eldin
Alwattar
1
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
THE ROLE OF NATURE FORM VERSUS LIFE PRINCIPLES IN ACHIEVING SUSTAINABILITY OF BIO-MIMIC ARCHITECTURE: MEASURING THE GAP OF CONTEMPORARY EGYPTIAN PRACTICE OF BIO-MIMIC ARCHITECTURE
Architecture manifestation of nature is not new; through history, architects try to manifest nature, they always consider nature as big source of inspiration. The last few decades witnessed a scientific revolution caused deep understanding of nature form and life principles. Many Architects tested the contributions of such principles to architecture they ranged their manifestation of such principles between achieving form and performance oriented architecture. This research investigates the role of nature form versus life principles in achieving sustainability of nature, and how that can be reflected on architecture sustainability; with special reference to evaluate and measure the gap of contemporary Egyptian architecture manifestation of nature.To achieve this goal the research go through interlocking steps, first the nature form and life principles are investigated and their reflections to architecture are documents. Second the impacts of nature form and life principles on nature sustainability are investigated and their reflections on architecture are documented. Fourth, different evaluation criteria are deduced and used to deduce different approaches of architecture manifestation of nature in term of form vs. life principles and Formal vs. Performance oriented manifestation. Finally: The deduced criteria and classification are used as evaluation tool to measure the gap between theory and contemporary Egyptian practice of architecture manifestation of nature.The study concluded to deduce five modes of architecture manifestation of nature; they are ranged between complete biomorphic formal oriented architecture and complete bio-function performance oriented architecture. It also concluded how big is the gap between theory of bio-mimic architecture and contemporary practice in Egypt.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115302_5df3936c0cb69674e12e92676aa08971.pdf
2015-11-01
929
954
10.21608/jesaun.2015.115302
Form principles vs. Life principles
Bio-mimic
Form vs. Performance Concerns
Sustainability
Bio-morphic vs. Bio-logic vs. Bio-kinetic vs. Bio- morphological
Islam Ghonimi
Ibrahim
islam.ghonimi@feng.bu.edu.eg
1
Faculty of Engineering Shoubra – Benha University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
CO2 CONCENTRATION REDUCTION VIA AFFORESTATION OF URBAN AREAS
Recently, many environmental problems have emerged in Egypt. The increase in human activities, technological progress, population density and fossil fuel burning, are known to increase harmful emissions and oxides within densely populated urban areas are considered the main pollutants. These factors lead to an unhealthy environment and the phenomenon of heat island and negatively affect the overall health of the human beings, which in turn, reduce the production efficiency.Hence, it is so important to find the most efficient strategies that can be followed to decrease oxides and harmful emissions. This paper focuses on the role of the green component of plants and trees in the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, reduce greenhouse gases and improve air quality is studied.The microclimate simulation software “Envimet” is used for calculating the amount of carbon dioxide emissions within the area of “Alsayed Elbadawi”, an ancient area in Tanta, Egypt. The simulation is performed to the current situation of that urban space and after improving it, which comprising this area by planting the green elements and trees. This will manifest the role of the afforestation in improving air quality and reducing oxides concentrations within the area to achieve a clean urban for sustainability.
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115304_34db336e6f9cddc2fbea449a560dfa57.pdf
2015-11-01
955
968
10.21608/jesaun.2015.115304
Urban heat island
greenhouse gases
Air Quality
carbon dioxide emissions
Neveen Y.
Azmy
neveenazmy@f-eng.tanta.edu.eg
1
Dept. of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University,
AUTHOR