2024-03-29T09:00:08Z
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=16854
JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences
1687-0530
1687-0530
2014
42
No 4
Soil-Structure Interaction Effects on Seismic Response of multi-story Buildings on Raft Foundation
Shehata E
Abdel Raheem
Mohamed M.
Ahmed
Tarek M.A.
Alazrak
The investigation on the energy transfer mechanism from soils to buildings during earthquakes is critical for the design of earthquake resistant structures and for upgrading existing structures. Thus the need for research into Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) problems is greater than ever. Moreover, recent studies show that the effects of SSI may be detrimental to the seismic response of structure and neglecting SSI in analysis may lead to un-conservative design. Despite this, the conventional design procedure usually involves assumption of fixity at the base of foundation neglecting the flexibility of the foundation, the compressibility of soil mass and consequently the effect of foundation settlement on further redistribution of bending moment and shear force demands. Hence the soil-structure interaction analysis of multi-story buildings is the main focus of this study; the effects of SSI are analyzed for typical multi-story building resting on raft foundation. Three methods of analysis are used for seismic demands evaluation of the target moment resistant frame buildings: equivalent static load (ESL); response spectrum (RS) methods and nonlinear time history (TH) analysis with suit of nine time history records. Three-dimensional FEM model is constructed to analyze the effects of different soil conditions and number of stories on the vibration characteristics and seismic response demands of building structures. Numerical results obtained using soil structure interaction model conditions are compared to those corresponding to fixed-base support conditions. The peak responses of story shear, story moment, story displacement, story drift, moments at beam ends, as well as force of inner columns are analyzed. The analysis results of different approaches are used to evaluate the advantages, limitations, and ease of application of each approach for seismic analysis.
soil-structure interaction
Seismic design
Egyptian building code
time history
Dynamic analysis
Moment resistant multi-story building
Raft foundation
2014
07
01
905
930
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_111441_cb81cb9296ecb0cd0df91d94e9c85f90.pdf
JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences
1687-0530
1687-0530
2014
42
No 4
SIMULATION OF FLOW OVER WEIRS WITH BOTTOM PIPES (CASE STUDY: BAHR HASSAN WASEF WEIR)
Gamal
Abozeid
Ahmed M.
El-Belasy
Salah M.
Shehata
The mathematical model is an idealization of a real system and it can be used to study the operationscenarios of an existing or a proposed system. The 1-D Sobek model is a mathematical model whichis chosen to simulate the Fayoumi Standard weirs which have been modified by adding pipes toconvey much water to downstream direction. Measurements of discharge with these structures arecomplicated due to existence of the pipes. Field measurements are carried out and simulated usingmathematical model to investigate the effect of installing pipes on a clear over fall weir. BahrHassan Wasef is simulated with six cross-sections. A kilometer from the beginning of the channelincluding weir is represented. The used data of cross-sections altitudes, discharges, water levelsupstream and downstream the weir, and the head over weir for Bahr Hassan Wasef were measuredat the field by a Staff from Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation in Al-Fayoum and AssiutIrrigation Directorates. The effect of downstream water depth is taken into consideration. The flowresults of piped weir are compared with those of weir without pipes. It is found that there is a largedifference between them. Equations and curves for computing the discharge of piped weirs aredeveloped using multiple regression analysis on the bases of dimensional analysis. This researchmight help irrigation engineers to accurately estimate the discharge for such structures.
Fayoumi Weirs
Simulation
bottom pipes
free discharge
Discharge Coefficient
1- D Sobek
2014
07
01
891
904
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115030_dfbc93e578e6d97cc00c07467f751d70.pdf
JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences
1687-0530
1687-0530
2014
42
No 4
INVESTIGATION OF SOME POTENTIAL PARAMETERS AND ITS IMPACTS ON SALTWATER INTRUSION IN NILE DELTA AQUIFER
Ismail M.
Abdelaty
Hany F.
Abd-Elhamid
Maha R.
Fahmy
Gamal M.
Abdelaal
Coastal aquifers represent an important source of freshwater in arid and semi-arid regions. Theincreased extraction from coastal aquifers decreases the freshwater spilled out to the sea.Consequently, seawater intrusion increases inland and wells become contaminated. Nile deltaaquifer in Egypt is one of these aquifers which subject to sever seawater intrusion fromMediterranean Sea. Saltwater intrusion is considered one of the main processes that degrade waterqualityby raising salinity. It may occur due to human activities and/or by natural events. Overpumpingis considered the main cause of saltwater intrusion. Moreover, sea level rise acceleratessaltwater intrusion. Due to climate change, it is expected a rise in temperature which would lead toan increase in the rates of evaporation and this will be accompanied by decrease in water level ofthe Nile, also this change would lead to sea level rise (SLR) .A result to rise in population intensityand expected shortage in surface water would lead to an increase of extraction rate fromgroundwater. In this paper 3-D model (SEAWAT) is used to study seawater intrusion in Nile deltaaquifer considering different scenarios, the first scenario is the increase of sea level by 25, 50 and100 cm, the second is to decrease the surface water system by 25, 50 and 100 cm, the third is toincrease the extraction rate by 25, 50 and 100 % and fourth scenario is a combination of while thethree scenarios. The results show that saltwater intrusion in East Nile delta reach 76.25 km fromshore line for base case, but reaches to 79.25 km, 79 km, 82 km and 83 km for Equiconcentrationline 35 and reaches to 92.25 km, 92 km, 91.75 km and 92.75 km for scenarios1, 2, 3 and 4respectively after 100 year for Equiconcentration line 1.00. It is also observed that salt waterintrusion in the Middle reaches to 63.75 km from shore line for base case, but reaches to 67.75 km,67.25 km, 65.75 km and 67.50 km for Equiconcentration line 35 and reaches to 97 km, 97.50 km,107.75 km and 110 km for scenarios1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively after 100 year for Equiconcentrationline 1.00. It is clear that saltwater intrusion in the West reaches to 48.00 km from shore line forbase case, but reaches to 49.00 km, 48.75 km, 45.50 km and 47.75 km for Equiconcentration line 35and reaches to 73.75 km, 74 km, 79.50 km and 79.50 km for scenarios1, 2, 3 and 4 respectivelyafter 100 year for Equiconcentration line 1.00. Finally increasing SLR or decreasing recharge from
surface water or increasing extraction rate from wells increases saltwater intrusion in land directionbut applying combination of these scenarios will damage large quantity of fresh water in the aquifer.
Saltwater intrusion
Climate Change
sea level rise
Over-Pumping
SEAWAT
Nile Delta aquifer
2014
07
01
931
955
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115039_6e2a57b9c75e64493aaee327f38206ad.pdf
JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences
1687-0530
1687-0530
2014
42
No 4
CONTROL OF LOCAL SCOUR AT A BRIDGE ABUTMENT USING A PROTECTIVE PILE
Elnikhely
E.A.
Various methods are proposed to control scouring around a bridge abutment. In this study,experiments were conducted at a vertical wall abutment in a laboratory flume to explore the effectof using a protective pile installed upstream the abutment for reducing the effects of local scouraroundthe bridge abutment. Tests were conducted with different pile diameters and positions underthe same flow conditions. In addition, a 3-D numerical model was used to simulate the scour at thebridge abutment. The model used a finite-volume method to solve the non-transient Navier-Stocksequations and a bed load conservation equation. The k-ɛ turbulence model was used to solve theReynolds-stress term. The 3-D flow model was verified by comparing the obtained results with theexperimental results. It was found from this research study that, the optimum case of pile is(D/B=0.125, x/B=0.25, b/B=1.0), it reduced the relative scour depth by about 41%. The resultsshowed a good agreement between simulation and experimental data. Also, an empirical equationwas developed from the experimental results for computing the maximum scour depth at a bridgeabutment with a protective pile.
Scour
bridge abutment
Numerical Modeling
protective pile
2014
07
01
956
967
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115040_3f5a1bdff0fcd515839ab7dd92486975.pdf
JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences
1687-0530
1687-0530
2014
42
No 4
SPHERE DECODER FOR NETWORK CODED COOPERATIVE COMMUNICATIONS
Usama
Sayed Mohammed
Taha
Khalf
Safwat M.
Ramzy
In cooperative communications, multiple sources communicate with a single destination in the presence of relay nodes. Network coding in cooperative communications allows the relay nodes to combine the data received from the sources and send the linear combination to the destination. The difference in complexity, reliability and overhead is a critical issue when we compare among the different decoders. In this paper, soft-decision maximum a posterior (MAP) decoder that has an optimal reliability and neglected overhead is proposed. Moreover, the Sphere decoder is used to reduce the complexity of the proposed MAP decoder. The proposed implementation proves that the sphere decoder can be used to reduce the complexity of the MAP decoder to about 3% related to the original complexity of the decoder.
Cooperative communication
Network coding
Sphere decoder
MAP decoder
2014
07
01
968
982
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115041_2549039564ffab25ef0e91dc3f820ade.pdf
JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences
1687-0530
1687-0530
2014
42
No 4
PROPOSED APPROACHES TO ENHANCE THE ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING SYSTEM
Usama
Sayed Mohammed
Ahmed
Tohamy
In the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems, where the data symbols aretransmitted in parallel on different carriers, the length of a symbol is extended. This extension of thesymbol length causes the OFDM system to be less sensitive to channel dispersion than a singlecarrier system transmitting data symbols at the same data rate. However, at the edges of the OFDMsymbol, the channel dispersion still causes distortion, and hence introduces interference betweensuccessive symbols (i.e. Inter-Symbol Interference, ISI) and interference between different carrierswithin the same symbol (i.e. Inter-Carrier Interference, ICI). Different guard interval techniques forthe OFDM transmission were suggested to reduce the interference between successive symbols. Themost commonly used guard interval is the cyclic prefix (CP). In this paper, the impact of replacingthe CP by zero insertion (ZI) before the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) process on theOFDM transmitter is studied. The motivation of using the ZI instead of the CP is the reduction inthe transmission rate and the high performance in reducing the channel distortion. Moreover, theproposed ZI-OFDM system is suitable to minimize the effect of the fading channel when thechannel characteristics are unknown or difficult to be estimated. Another approach to enhance theOFDM system is also introduced in this paper. A signal denoising approach is suggested to beadded in the receiver to reduce the effect of the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Inthis approach, the Radio Frequency signal (RF) is enhanced using a wavelet thresholding techniqueinstead of enhancing the baseband signal. The simulation results show that the proposed ZIapproach provides better transmission performance than the recent techniques and achieves a 20 %reduction in the data redundancy relative to the redundancy in the CP-OFDM system. Moreover, theresults show that the proposed thresholding approach significantly removed the noise and the signalpower is enhanced by almost 30 db with different values of the channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).The overall system performance of the proposed ZI approach in the transmitter together with thethresholding approach in the receiver is tested in this paper.
wavelet thresholding
Gaussian noise
Signal Denoising
Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI)
Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI)
cyclic prefix
2014
07
01
983
1001
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115042_b1fe3fe24a3f3cbd4ceff46aedf99408.pdf
JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences
1687-0530
1687-0530
2014
42
No 4
POTENTIAL USE OF MINES AND QUARRIES SOLID WASTE IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION AND AS REPLACEMENT SOIL UNDRE FOUNDATIONS
Ahmed Abdul Mageed
Ahmed
Khairy Hassan
Abdel kareem
Ahmed Mohamed
Altohamy
Sherein Ahmed Mohamed
Rizk
In Egypt, large quantities of coarse solid wastes are produced annually during the processing ofphosphate ores and quarrying operations of marble and granite rocks. These wastes are stored inpiles around or near mine sites, which are aesthetically unattractive and often degrading theenvironment. Various solutions have been sought for this major environmental problem and the bestsolution found is recycling. However, these wastes , because of their similarity to the conventionalaggregates , represent a potentially useful source of material for a variety of applications ( inroadbed and dam construction , as railroad ballast ,as aggregate in concrete and asphalt mixes , …)The main purpose of this research is to investigate the possibility of utilizing the above mentionedthree waste materials in road construction (base and sub base) and as a replacement layers for theproblematic soil in foundations. Experimental tests were carried out on these wastes to assess theirphysical, mechanical and chemical properties, according to the Egyptian standards. The modifiedproctor and California bearing ratio (CBR) are the most important tests of soil compaction to assessthe suitability of any waste materials. The CBR value of phosphate waste is 88% , 95% for crushedmarble and about 41% for crushed granite. The obtained results proved that these kinds of wastescan be used in base and sub-base layers in road construction and as replacement soil underfoundations. The potential uses of these wastes are considered beneficial from the economic andenvironmental points of view and saving the natural resources of aggregate.
Phosphate processing wastes
Marble and Granite wastes
Waste Recycling
Road Construction
Environmental cleaning
Resources conservation
2014
07
01
1094
1105
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115043_e4c952691aa2bd5622e68cbc27fd299e.pdf
JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences
1687-0530
1687-0530
2014
42
No 4
THE OPTIMAL METHOD FOR CLASSIFYING HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGES IN EGYPT ENVIRONMENT
Faten A.
Mostafa
Yasser G.
Mostafa
Mohamed A.
Yousef
The remote sensing society is currently offering a wide variety of digital images that cover most ofthe Earth’s surface. The up-to-date image data is a promising tool for producing accurate maps. Tomaximize the benefit of such data, automatic and efficient classification methods are investigated.For the past years, traditional pixel-based classification has been used. Currently, a recentclassification concept, object-based classification, has been prospected. The recent concept’s basicprinciple is to make use of important information (shape, texture and contextual information) whichis only in meaningful image objects and their mutual relationships. The main aim of the presentwork is to find the most suitable technique from the available ones for feature extraction whichcan be applied for Egyptian environment.For this study, high resolution satellite image from IKONOS satellite was used to carry out theimage classifications. The ground reference data were collected from field observations andpersonal knowledge. At the present work, the methodology focuses on comparing between twoclassifications techniques through application on four test areas with different specifications withrespect to its planning. The first technique is the traditional pixel-based image analysis and thesecond one is the object-oriented image analysis. Software ERDAS V.9.2 was used for pixelbasedimage analysis and classification. The object-oriented image classification was performedthrough eCognition Developer software V.8.0. Accuracy of each one of both techniques wasevaluated through overall accuracy and kappa coefficient from the error matrix and thencompared to each other. Results of this work showed that object-based image analysis has moreadvantages than the Pixel-based one. Also, it is found that as the more planned area as the higherresults accuracy.
Pixel-based analysis
Object-based analysis
classification
segmentation
2014
07
01
1106
1121
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115045_ca28f37e4c264d7b9862bdab20b2d7a2.pdf
JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences
1687-0530
1687-0530
2014
42
No 4
USING OF HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGES FOR UPDATING LARGE SCALE MAPPING IN EGYPT
Faten A.
Mostafa
Yasser G.
Mostafa
Mohamed A.
Yousef
Yousef A.
Abas
High and accelerating rate of the urban changes and extensions, in developing countries such asEgypt, calls for an efficient and fast technique for mapping. The availability of the new generationcommercial one-meter resolution satellite images has opened a new era for producing and updatinglarge-scale digital maps. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of VHR satelliteimages for large scale mapping in Egypt. Data used in this study are IKONOS-2 images(Panchromatic (1m) and Multispectral (4m)) acquired on 2006 and topographic map dated 2002 atscale 1:5000 of Assiut area.In this paper, an investigation is carried out for the potential of the information content in pansharpenedIKONOS image. Then, the classification process is carried out with object-based method.The classified image has been converted to vector format. After that, an investigation is carried outfor these vectors through overlaid it to the available old map. The result showed that the informationcontent of IKONOS images has the capability of updating of 1: 5000 maps for good planned area,while, that ability will be decreases with decreasing the degree of planning.
Feature Extraction
Information Content
map updating
2014
07
01
1122
1137
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115046_7e11c142f5aa99ede1a2c8ef493c0b31.pdf
JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences
1687-0530
1687-0530
2014
42
No 4
AN ARCHITECTURAL STUDY AT THE RURALIZATION PHENOMENON OF PRESENT EGYPTIAN CITY ( ASPECTS, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTION TRENDS )
Amany Hussein
Saleh
Somaya Taha
Abo_Elfadel
Mamdouh Ali
Yossef
This paper aims at studying the phenomenon of the architectural and urban fields, through analyzingthe most important aspects of design and planning phenomenon. The investigation analyzes fouressential items: the inter-relation between rural and urban environments, aspects of the ruralization,the problems and solutions trends and finally results and recommendations of the study.
2014
07
01
1002
1022
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115048_beb3a9822764b06632cf43afe63bf23b.pdf
JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences
1687-0530
1687-0530
2014
42
No 4
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE GREEN ARCHITECTURE RATING SYSTEMS
Amal Mohamed
Ebrahem
Mohamed Abed_Elsamee
Eed
Ezat
Abed_Elmenam
The environmental problems which face us today have now grown to the point that they affectour very quality of life. There is increasing demand for a limited supply of natural resourcesused in the industry. In view of present global crises - population expansion, natural resourcedepletion and ecological disasters - there is an urgent need to align development and thepractice of architecture with the concept of sustainability. Green architecture is one of theseconcepts and it is not a style, trend nor a vernacular and neither is it new. So, GreenArchitecture is a term used to describe economical, energy-saving, environmentally-friendly,sustainable development. It was important to find a way to assess the quality of these buildings,which is called the Green Architecture Assessment Tool.The Purpose of this research is to discuss some of the Green Architecture assessment toolsaround the world. Then it holds a comparison between them in order to reach a betterunderstanding of these tools. Also to find out the basics which must be found in any rating toolin any other place in the world?
Green Architecture
Assessment tool
Rating System
LEED
BREEAM
BERDE
Estidama
green star
GRIHA
2014
07
01
1023
1052
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115055_995b15da023c86bb5ed48b3b39d601b7.pdf
JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences
1687-0530
1687-0530
2014
42
No 4
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY FOR EVALUATING THE GREEN PYRAMID RATING SYSTEM
Amal Mohamed Ebrahem
Taha
Mohamed Abed_Elsamee
Eed
Ezat Mohamed
Abed_Elmenam
To promote and encourage the concept of green architecture, many organizations and bodieshave agreed to establish building assessment standards and specifications. Today, manycountries use green architecture assessment systems that were already developed by severalcountries. Some of the expected benefits of implementing assessment standards andspecifications are: The move towards applying green building assessment systems in Egypt is aresult of dealing with climate related issues. Inefficient energy use and natural resourcesmanagement and ineffective management of liquid, gaseous, solid and agricultural wastes, aswell as sanitary and irrigation water wastes, have a very serious negative impact on theenvironment that affects all sectors of the State. This necessitated the development of a nationalEgyptian Green Building Rating System to ensure the realization of our developmentobjectives: to fulfill the needs of the present generation without jeopardizing those of thecoming generations, to reduce energy consumption and minimizing costs in the constructionsector, in addition to implementing different techniques and methodologies. This paper aims tointroduce the green architecture assessment system in Egypt through introducing the EgyptianGreen Building Council, the Green Pyramid Rating System [GPRS] and its assessment criteria.This is done in order to assessing this system through the principles of the other systems aroundthe world.
Green Architecture Assessment Tool
Egypt
Green Pyramid Rating System
GPRS
LEED
2014
07
01
1053
1079
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115056_ec8ec0fb62b4d92a3ee6e0ae1c652fb3.pdf
JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences
1687-0530
1687-0530
2014
42
No 4
THE EFFECT OF USING INSULATION MATERIALS ON THE THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN CAIRO - EGYPT
Wael Ahmad Taha
EL-Garhy
Thermal confort accompanied with low energy in architecture is a major target of buildingresearchers and designers worldwide. Obviously, any portion of energy that can be saved in thisrespect means protection for environment and maintenance of its resources and may be able to bedirected to any other activities, if any.Building energy consumption can be reduced through various systems such as air conditioning (A\Cis a major building energy consumer), lighting, equipment, etc. In regions where energy is limited orscarce, air conditioning would have to be replaced by natural ventilation for the removal of thebuilding heat load for thermal comfort.Also, energy conservation issues are being more important in hot arid regions, especially becausebuilding are consuming more than 60% of electric energy generated and about 65% of this energy isconsumed for cooling. There is a set of complex factors, which determines energy needs in building,such as solar radiation, type of A/C systems, building operation, and thermal characteristics of thebuilding envelope …etc. The parameters, which have effects on the thermal performance of wallsand roofs, are the color, general construction, insulation and ventilation.In the present decade the aim is to discuss the meaning of thermal comfort and advantage of energyefficient building materials design or selection. There are several ways to reduce the energyconsumed in the human comfort process, but what is the most energy efficient or more energysaving of these ways. One of these is the insulation, which can be used for insulating walls androofs, which are subjected to a large amount of the solar heat gain. The insulation of walls(especially west walls) and roofs is intended to maximize resident’s thermal comfort and minimizeenergy consumption in housing.The present study presents the effect of west wall insulation on the indoor thermal performance inorder to select the suitable insulation which gives maximum thermal comfort , minimum cost andmaximum energy saving. This work was done using actual field temperature measurements onactual location. The results provide suggestions to improve the building construction and indicatethe importance of using the insulation materials in the wall construction in order to achieve thermalcomfort characteristics for the occupants and also to reduce the consumed energy.
Thermal mass
thermal comfort
Insulation Materials
Energy conservation Energy consumption
2014
07
01
1080
1093
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_115057_128537d55808dda9bddab7fc62dad7b1.pdf