2024-03-29T11:12:44Z
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=29242
JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences
1687-0530
1687-0530
2022
50
1
Synergistic Physic-Chemical Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Sugarcane Bagasse via Freezing and Alkaline Processes
Ahmed
Farghaly
Kareman
Ahmed
Ali
Gad
This study focuses on employing a hybrid pretreatment approach for lignocellulosic Sugarcane Bagasse (SCB) as a major problematic solid waste. The applied technique depended on SCB physical pretreatment via freezing, followed by chemical hydrolysis using alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) and enzymatic hydrolysis. The changes occurred in macrostructure and the entire lignocellulosic compounds during the pretreatment stages were evaluated. Freezing pretreatment resulted in relatively low glucose yield and saccharification ratio at -20 °C for 2 h of 307.52 mg/gm native SCB and 48.5%, respectively. Further AHP pretreatment was performed for the frozen-pretreated SCB at -20 °C and 2 h with assistance of Box–Behnken Design response surface methodology (RSM). The investigated key parameters were H2O2 concentration (3, 5.5 and 8 %v/v), temperature (25, 42.5 and 60 °C) and pretreatment duration (1, 3 and 5 h). The results revealed that the statistical modelling was able to predict the response of glucose yield and TRS production with R2 = 0.8221 and 0.8814, respectively. Applying the optimization tool of RSM, the optimum predicted values of glucose yield and TRS production were (886.51 mg/gm native SCB and 1.44 mg/mL), respectively; confirmed by the experimental analysis (898.5 mg/gm native SCB and 1.32 mg/mL), respectively. The coincided saccharification ratio was 97.5%. These results were obtained at H2O2 of 3 % (v/v), 56.93 °C and 1 h which were 4.32 and 2.01 times higher than that obtained during the freezing pretreatment phase for glucose yield and saccharification ratio, respectively.
Sugarcane bagasse
Lignocellulose
freezing
Hydrogen Peroxide
Response surface methodology
2022
01
01
1
19
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_209707_2d486319ce0bebf86ac0eefbd4e896a5.pdf
JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences
1687-0530
1687-0530
2022
50
1
SHEAR BEHAVIOUR OF R. C BEAMS REINFORCED WITH SWIMMER BARS
Khaled
Samie
Yehia. A.
Hassanean
moamen
adel
: Designers have to be very careful against shear requirements in reinforced concrete elements due to its riskiness. Shear failure in R.C beams is considered not preferred mode, because shear cracks come in progress without any warnings. Swimmer bars are web reinforcement system alternatives for traditional shear reinforcement. Swimmer bars are small diagonal bars, with its both ends bend over horizontally and tied with top and bottom reinforcement. The system of swimmer bars can be spliced, welded or bolted and arranged in one or two rows. In this paper, an experimental study is carried out to investigate the shear behavior of R.C beams reinforced with swimmer bars as web reinforcement. Fifteen R.C beams are experimentally tested under static load to study the effect of the number of swimming bars, type of splice, splice length and concrete strength in shear behavior. The test results showed that using of swimming bars as shear reinforcement increase the shear strength, stiffness, toughness as well as decreasing crack width, deflection values and the deformability of the tested beams.
High strength concrete
Stirrup
Single Swimmer bar
shear
deflection
2022
01
01
20
31
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_224624_21cedab243f40b8206d4ae034957abfd.pdf
JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences
1687-0530
1687-0530
2022
50
1
Enhancement of Tabular Pile lateral resistance with external wings
Ezzeldin
Mohamed
Emad
Helal
Eehab
Khalil
The foundations for offshore wind turbines represent the main item either for cost or installation process, and the lateral resistance of tabular piles is the main factor for its design. Therefore, studies for consistent and efficient foundations have become essential for offshore wind turbines when using traditional mono-pile foundations under practical and environmental conditions. This research discusses the increase in the lateral behavior of open tabular piles with the addition of external wings near the ground level with specific dimensions. Four wings were added to the exterior wall of the open-ended pipe pile at equal angles 90 degrees. The wings length varied from 0.25 to 0.5 of the pile diameter. Each wing length is studied with two depths of 1.25, and 2.5 pile diameter. The numerical analysis was verified with published results of centrifugal tests. The successive parametric study discussed the feasibility of the added wings. Inclusive, the resultant load direction was considered as changed between 0 to 45o with 5 degrees to the wings orientation horizontally.
Open-Ended tabular pile
Lateral Resistance
Single pile foundation
Soil structure interaction
Pipe pile
2022
01
01
32
46
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_210983_75c0051ba1c63c9f9951eeee8c77bce7.pdf
JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences
1687-0530
1687-0530
2022
50
1
Membraneless Piezoelectric MEMS speakers based on AlN Thin Film
Ahmed
Fawzy
This paper reports piezoelectric aluminum nitride (AlN) based microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) speakers. We introduce a novel geometry of microspeakers based on AlN to meet the requirements of modern applications such as phones, tablets, laptops, and in ear applications. We introduce the principle, design, and characterization results. The speakers were fabricated on cavity silicon on insulator (SOI) substrate and characterized by using an electroacoustic tester. This paper considers the acoustic performance of the speakers. The results show that the speakers gave us a high sound pressure level (SPL) of more than 78 dB for circle geometry when applying 2 volts on the electrodes. These results are equal for PZT MEMS speakers moreover AlN opens the door to integrate the speakers and the ASIC on the same chip. The size of the different geometries’ speakers isn’t exceeded 3mm × 3mm. These geometries offer a breakthrough in acoustic performance, a frequency response, and low power consumption.
AlN
MEMS
Micro speakers
Piezoelectric
2022
01
01
1
8
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_215432_edc10250f0d28a518036217505f6bb63.pdf
JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences
1687-0530
1687-0530
2022
50
1
Instantaneous Frequency Estimation Algorithm for Power Systems
Christina
Aziz
Hany
Girgis
Mohamed
Nayel
This paper deals with the problem of the Instantaneous Frequency (IF) estimation of power systems, to be adopted for example in Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) used for monitoring, control, and protection. The main target is to provide an accurate estimation of power system frequency in real time with minimum delay. We introduce a novel algorithm based on Gabor transform for the estimation of the instantaneous frequency. Also we review a number of frequency estimation algorithms dealt with in the literature, namely the Zero Crossing algorithm, The Three-level Discrete Fourier Transform algorithm and the Differential Evolution algorithm. Simulation tests are made to compare the relative performance of the 4 algorithms. These tests include stationary frequency, the tracking of a changing frequency, the case when both frequency and amplitude are time varying, and also when the signal contains harmonics, white noise or DC component. Simulation tests revealed that under these conditions Gabor Algorithm provided the lowest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) almost in all cases. It takes Gabor Algorithm a frame of 4 cycles or less with a sampling rate of 200samples/s to estimate the instantaneous frequency precisely. By overlapping the frames an accurate estimation can be even deduced each cycle. Zero RMSE is achieved by Gabor algorithm for stationary frequency case, under the above conditions of sampling rate and number of cycles
Instantaneous Frequency
Phasor measurement unit
Gabor Transform
2022
01
01
9
24
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_200648_aa5d3a8b8c5cbb9582a0146ab0714205.pdf
JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences
1687-0530
1687-0530
2022
50
1
HIGHLIGHTS ON THE BENEFICIATION TRIALS OF THE EGYPTIAN PHOSPHATE ORES
Sherein Ahmed M.E.
Rizk
introduction : Phosphate rocks are vital non-renewable resources and are essential components in agricultural fertilizers and phosphorous-based chemicals [1-4]. About 95% of the phosphate produced around the world is consumed in fertilizer industry [5, 6]. Phosphate deposits can be divided into three groups (і) sea sediments, (іі) igneous and (ііі) biogenetic deposits [7]. The distribution of phosphate resources in the world is approximated as follows: 75% from sedimentary marine deposits, 15-20% from igneous, metamorphic and weathered deposits, and 2-3% from biogenic sources [5-8]. A large proportion of the world's phosphate reserves are sedimentary deposits containing a considerable amount of carbonate minerals. In terms of quality and P2O5 grade, phosphate can be divided into three groups: low - grade ores (12-16% P2O5, intermediate-grade ores (17-25% P2O5) and high-grade ores (26-35% P2O5). Deposits containing of 28-38% P2O5 are considered commercial grade deposits and have high economic value to mine and process [9]. .
Beneficiation
of phosphate
ore
2022
01
01
1
21
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_210845_fc51f27be67411af7d51de805ca86515.pdf
JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences
1687-0530
1687-0530
2022
50
1
Legalization frameworks in building regulations and their relationship with the Reconciliation Law in Egypt
Lina
Magdy
Muhammad
Gabr
Ayman
Assem
The issuance of the Building Reconciliation law no.17/2019 has imposed a new reality, allowing legalization for illegal constructions which Egypt has been facing its challenges since decades. New policies require in-depth research especially with the scarcity of data concerning this topic. Therefore, this paper is an attempt to study the law issuance context and drivers from a legislative point-of-view, and comparatively-analyse them both nationally and internationally.The research starts by demonstrating the picture of the long-existing phenomenon, analyzing formerly-issued building laws together with the reconciliation law, in terms of the measures of dealing with illegal constructions using an inductive methodology. Then, conducting a comparative analysis between those laws, regarding the allowed and disallowed items for legalization. Then an analytic discussion of the law’s framework is conducted with a comparison between the Reconciliation Law and other similar international examples in terms of the process framework and mechanisms.Results show that; former building laws in Egypt had all set the mechanism for legalization within their frameworks but with varying proportions, and they all failed to contain the situation. Generally-speaking, the Law allowed for legalizing most of the building violations in a rather flexible manner than before, but multiple issues appeared throughout its analysis. Therefore, recommendations include; the necessity of making quick action plans to strengthen the rule of law, protect the rights of law-abiders, include supervision mechanisms and dealing measures with unlegalized buildings. Also, comprehensive studies should be made to find practical means of achieving better urban integration of the legalized buildings.
Reconciliation law
Legalization
Building violations
Building Laws
Built Environment
2022
01
01
1
25
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_205609_23c80d6c7147f5b19aa47b99fb534bcf.pdf
JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences
1687-0530
1687-0530
2022
50
1
The Effect of Window to Wall Ratio on Energy Performance of High-Rise Office Buildings Across the Egyptian Climate Regions
Gehad
Hanafy
Mohanad
El-Agami
Medhat
Osman
Due to innovations in construction technology and increasing land prices, the number of high-rise buildings has increased dramatically. These buildings are known for their high energy consumption, which caused by many factors including architectural and operational factors. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems (HVAC) is one of the operational factors which led to intensive energy consumption. In the light of the global energy crises along with advanced simulation tools, architects have been motivated to improve the energy performance of buildings through controlling design parameters. This research discusses the impact of Window to Wall Ratio (WWR), as an important parameter of building’s envelope design, on the total annual energy consumption of high-rise office buildings. It aims to determine the optimal WWR in terms of energy performance across the Egyptian different climatic regions. Many related previous works, in different climates, have been reviewed in order to theoretically extract the variables employed in this work. According to the review, nine WWR ranging from 10% to 90% in two shapes, square and rectangular, were adopted to be modeled using the DesignBuilder simulation tool. The proposed models were simulated within seven Egyptian cities (Alexandria, Cairo, Minya, Assiut, Hurghada, El-Kharga, and Aswan) representing the seven classified climatic regions in Egypt. The findings revealed that the optimal WWR is (20%) for the rectangular shape and (20-30%) for the square shape across all Egyptian cities. The energy conservation ranged between (53.3- 60.8%) and (41-49%) in the rectangular and square models, respectively, in comparison to the worst case
High-rise office buildings
Window to wall ratio
Energy performance
Egyptian climate regions
2022
01
01
26
40
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_199660_9267103c1549c31321325728aa3766c8.pdf
JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences
1687-0530
1687-0530
2022
50
1
BIOPHILIC DESIGN ELEMENTS IN MODERN BUILDINGS INFLUENCED BY ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE FEATURES
Nesma
Jaheen
Ingy
El-Darwish
Biophilic design has been found to reduce human stress and enhance wellbeing in spaces. It could enhance students' physical health, emotional wellbeing, and academic performance success in educational buildings. This study aims to examine biophilic design qualities and attributes found in three zones of contemporary learning spaces in the American University in Cairo (AUC) in New Cairo, it is a modern campus influenced by different features of Islamic architecture. To achieve this research’s goal two stages are done. First, a subjective analysis of the main twenty-four attributes of biophilic design is done followed by an online questionnaire for users focusing on biophilia-relevant qualities. The questionnaire also measures the psychological, cognitive, and physiological experiences on a bipolar scale. This aims to verify the effect of biophilic features from the respondents' standpoint. The research findings confirm that many biophilic features inspired by historical buildings are found in the contemporary three study zones but not all were properly functioning. The paper concludes the validity of the argument and what users' responses have revealed regarding the criteria of biophilic design.
Biophilia
Biophilic attributes
Biophilic design features
Islamic Architecture
Educational buildings
2022
01
01
41
54
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_206245_72f088a5057cbc5389ee106ad7b90c0e.pdf
JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences
1687-0530
1687-0530
2022
50
1
Assessment of Replacement Projects of Insecure Residential Areas in the North Upper Egypt Cities in the Light of Humanitarian Needs Case study of: Eshash Mahfouz Area -Minya City
Alshimaa
Ahmed
Kamel
Ahmed
Usama
Mohamed
There have been numerous studies for more than a century to study the unsafe areas that appeared in the Egyptian city. Some of these areas appeared on the outskirts of cities or within their neighborhoods or in extreme places for some important places, including what appeared in tourist or archaeological areas, which encourages disrespect for the good residential environment suitable for housing and attention The life and requirements of the population, so the unsafe areas which sprawled in the cities and its perimeters, one of the main issues that Egyptian cities face. After studying the issues the areas struggles with, there were evident architectural, job, urban, environmental, social and economic problems. These areas lack the humanitarian needs to offer suitable living conditions, the criteria to meet these needs will be known. The renovation will be evaluated according to humanitarian need as a case study. The search concluded that there are some substantial results which witness some success in developing Eshash Mahfouth district experience. There were also persisting issue. The search deduced that the district is lacking the social interactions because no social services provided, three is lack of green area because the officials were more interested in providing as many residential units as they can.
تعتبر مشکلة المناطق السکنية العشوائية غير الآمنة التي انتشرت داخل المدن، وعلى أطرافها؛ من المشاکل الرئيسية التي تعاني منها أغلب المدن المصرية، وبدراسة المشاکل التي تعاني منها هذه المناطق، تبين أن هناک مشاکل معمارية ووظيفية وعمرانية وبيئية واجتماعية واقتصادية، کما نجد أن هذه المناطق تفتقر إلى توفير متطلبات الاحتياجات الإنسانية، لذا سيتناول هذا البحث التعرف على الاحتياجات الإنسانية اللازمة لبيئة سکنية مناسبة للحياة، کما سيتم التعرف على معايير تحقيق هذه الاحتياجات، بالإضافة إلى تقييم مشروع الإحلال بمنطقة عشش محفوظ بمدينة المنيا، في ضوء الاحتياجات الإنسانية کحالة دراسة، وقد خلص البحث إلى العديد من النتائج الهامة التي تضم بعض النجاحات المتحققة في تجربة التطوير لمنطقة عشش محفوظ بالإحلال کما أن من أهم السلبيات التي وقف عليها البحث في التجربة هي أن المنطقة لا زالت تفتقر إلى تحقيق التفاعل الاجتماعي نظرًا لافتقارها للخدمات الاجتماعية، وعدم توفير المناطق الخضراء، فقد کانت الأولوية الأولى للمسئولين هي توفير أکبر عدد من الوحدات السکنية .
Humanitarian Needs
unsafe area
Minya
renovation project المناطق السکنية العشوائية غير الآمنة – الاحتياجات الإنسانية – مشروع الإحلال – عشش محفوظ – المنيا
2022
01
01
55
77
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_209623_cf0c5afa7496dcc6eb79873f936126f4.pdf
JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences
1687-0530
1687-0530
2022
50
1
Assessment of urban spaces from the perspective of universal urban design. (Universal urban design from theory to practice) تقييم الفراغات الحضرية من منظور التصميم الحضري الشامل " العالمي" (التصميم الحضري الشامل من النظرية الي التطبيق)
zainab
aljamily
MENNA ALLAH
Refai Mahmoud
Lobna Mahmoud Mubarak
Ahmed
Esam Aldin
Ali
Universal Design (UD) is one of the modern methods that support the preservation of factors of social sustainability and that provide a fair distribution of services and equality between generations. The comprehensive design of urban spaces aims to make public spaces more usable under all developments and surrounding conditions, keeping pace with technological development. Previous studies in the field of universal urban design indicated that there is no comprehensive evaluation mechanism through which to evaluate the extent to which the urban space achieves the principles of universal design, so the current research was keen to formulate a set of design criteria based on the seven principles of universal design as an initial step towards developing Specific criteria and indicators for each area of universal design. To achieve the desired goal, a descriptive study was conducted on the universal design (UD), its genesis, and its guiding principles from the urban perspective. Three case studies were analysed that were keen to achieve the principles of universal design (UD) within their urban spaces to be universal areas to reach the most important criteria for achieving the principles in the design and development stage, and to study the extent of the change brought about by the principles on the urban space. The principle of participation was activated to determine the logical relative weights of the universal urban design criteria proposed for evaluation, through conducting two questionnaires directed to experienced academics, researchers and engineers working in the field of urban design. And by analysing the answers to the questionnaire, the largest percentage unanimously agreed that the principles of Equitable Use and Flexibility in Use are the most important principles in that they give an identity to the universal design of urban spaces, low Physical Effort and Tolerance for Error are less important than the rest of the Seven Principles.
يعد التصميم الشامل أحد الأساليب الحديثة التي تدعم الحفاظ على عوامل الاستدامة الاجتماعية والتي توفر التوزيع العادل للخدمات والمساواة بين الأجيال. ويهدف التصميم الشامل للفراغات الحضرية في جعل الفراغات العامة أکثر قابلية للاستخدام في ظل جميع التطورات والظروف المحيطة، کما أنها تواکب التطور التکنولوجي المستمر. وأشارت الدراسات السابقة بمجال التصميم الحضري الشامل إلى عدم وجود آلية للتقييم الشامل يتم من خلالها تقييم مدى تحقيق الفراغ الحضري لمبادئ التصميم الشامل، لذا حرص البحث الحالي على صياغة مجموعة من المعايير التصميمية تعتمد على مبادئ التصميم الشامل السبعة کخطوة أولية نحو وضع معايير ومؤشرات خاصة لکل مجال من مجالات التصميم الشامل. ولتحقيق الهدف المرجو تم عمل دراسة وصفية عن التصميم الشامل ونشأته ومبادئه التوجيهية من المنظور الحضري کما تم دراسة الاحتياجات الإنسانية داخل الفراغ الحضري وعلاقتها بالتصميم الشامل. وتم تحليل أربع حالات دراسية حرصت على تحقيق مبادئ التصميم الشامل داخل فراغاتها الحضرية لتکون مناطق شاملة "عالمية" بهدف الوصول إلى أهم المعايير لتحقيق المبادئ في مرحلة التصميم والتطوير، ودراسة مدى التغيير الذي أحدثته المبادئ على الفراغ الحضري. وتم تفعيل مبدأ المشارکة لتحديد أوزان نسبية منطقية لمعايير التصميم الحضري الشامل المقترحة للتقييم وذلک من خلال إجراء استبيانين موجهين إلى ذوي الخبرة من الأکاديميين والباحثين والمهندسين العاملين في مجال التصميم الحضري. ومن خلال تحليل إجابات الاستبيان وجد أن مبدأي الاستخدام العادل والمرونة في الاستخدام هم أکثر المبادئ أهمية من حيث أنها تعطي هوية للتصميم الشامل للفراغات الحضرية کما أشارت الإجابات إلى أن مبدئي الجهد البدني المنخفض والتسامح مع الخطأ هم أقل أهمية بالنسبة لباقي المبادئ السبعة.
Universal Design - Principles of Universal Design- Universal Urban Design - human needs. التصميم
الحضري
الشامل
الاحتياجات
الإنسانية
2022
01
01
78
95
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_209890_181b26f03a36eaf6760744988d1989c6.pdf
JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences
1687-0530
1687-0530
2022
50
1
MHD Natural Convection of grade three of non-Newtonian fluid flow between two Vertical Flat Plates through Porous Medium with heat source effect
Hussein Abd Allah
Soliman
Analytical and numerical solutions are investigated to study solution of the Magneto hydrodynamics (MHD) natural convection flow of grade three of a non- Newtonian fluid flow between two vertical flat plates through embedded in a porous medium and considering the effect heat source using Multi−step differential transform method and finite difference method. The system of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved analytically using Multi−step differential transform method (MDTM) and numerically using finite difference method (FDM). The results of (MDTM), (FDM), and another analytical method are all in good agreement, demonstrating that these methods are capable of solving similar problems. Graphs and tables show the effect of various parameters on velocity and temperature. The current studies, as well as comparisons to previous findings, are presented in figures and tables. The study results showed that the analytical solution using Multi−step differential transform method and numerical solution using finite difference method agrees well with recent analytical and numerical solutions.
MHD Natural convection
non-Newtonian fluid
Analytical and numerical solution
2022
01
01
1
11
https://jesaun.journals.ekb.eg/article_212334_9b43044af34ca1a62d36e2db6f9ce00a.pdf