Assiut University, Faculty of EngineeringJES. Journal of Engineering Sciences1687-053041No 320130501STATIC BEHAVIOUR OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF R.C BEAM-COLUMN CONNECTIONS AS AFFECTED BY BOTH VALUE ACTING LATERAL HORIZONTAL FORCEAND GRADE OF USED CONCRETE (THEORETICAL STUDY) Part Two74681411475810.21608/jesaun.2012.114758ENA. M. AhmedCivil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut UniversityM. M. RashwanCivil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut UniversityL. K. IdrissCivil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut UniversityJournal Article20121111<span>This paper describes a theoretical study of forty eight (48) Reinforced Concrete RC beam column joints, which generally classified as interior, exterior and corner joints. The most main parameters, which may influence the behavior of beam-column joint, transverse reinforcement, lateral shear reinforcement, longitudinal reinforcement, joint area, column axial load, concrete compressive strength, end boundary conditions …etc. In this research FEA (finite element analysis) using ABAQUS\CAE commercial software will be developed to build a detailed model to predict the nonlinear behavior of beam-column joint under seismic loadings. The ABAQUS\CAE 6.7 solution is a practical way to implement the nonlinear dynamic earthquake analysis for the finite element model. Our study is focusing with joints where statically lateral load was applied and gradually increased maintaining constant axial load at the top of the column equal to 0.15 (AcFc). Several linear variable horizontal displacement transducers were mounted , the net story drift, bond stress, axial shear stresses and strains as well as energy absorption for using different grades of concrete C250, C400, C600 and C1200 are evaluated and discussed to illustrate the behaviour of the studied joints under the case study of loadings.</span>Assiut University, Faculty of EngineeringJES. Journal of Engineering Sciences1687-053041No 320130501SOME PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE STATIC BEHAVIOR OF NORMAL AND HIGH STRENGTH CIRCULAR R.C. SHORT COLUMNS CONFINED BY CFRP81583911475910.21608/jesaun.2012.114759ENA. MegahidCivil Engineering Department, faculty of Engineering, Assuit University, Assuit, EGYPTM. MahmoudCivil Engineering Department, faculty of Engineering, Assuit University, Assuit, EGYPTM. El-TaherCivil Engineering Department, faculty of Engineering, Assuit University, Assuit, EGYPTJournal Article20121203<span>Concrete columns have an important function in the structural concept of many structures. Often, these columns are vulnerable to exceptional loads (such as impact, explosion or seismic loads) , load increase ( increasing use or change of function of structures, etc.) and degradation ( corrosion of steel reinforcement, alkali silica reaction , etc.). On the other hand, confinement of concrete is an efficient technique to enhance the structural behavior of concrete members primarily subjected to compression .Structural repair and rehabilitation of reinforced concrete structures is becoming an increasing important option for all deteriorated / damaged structures to restore, enhance the load bearing capacity and increase the life span of the structure. The strengthening of concrete structures with externally bonded reinforcement is generally done using either steel plates or FRP laminates. The main disadvantages of using steel plates are steel corrosion in the adhesion zone, heavy weight and excessive size of single plates. With the development of technology , the use of high- strength concrete members has proved most popular in terms of economy, superior strength , stiffness, and durability. With the increase of concrete strength, the ultimate strength of the columns increases, but a relatively more brittle failure occurs. The lack of ductility of high strength concrete results in sudden failure without warning, which is a serious drawback. [1] .The application of FRP in the construction industry can eliminate some unwanted properties of high strength concrete , such as its brittle behavior [2,3]. To study the behavior of normal and high strength circular R.C.columns confined with CFRP under statically load, tests on columns wrapped with FRP have been executed. The efficiency of externally bonded CFRP of circular R.C.columnsis declared and evaluated.</span>Assiut University, Faculty of EngineeringJES. Journal of Engineering Sciences1687-053041No 320130501RIVERBANK FILTRATION FOR WATER SUPPLY IN SEMI ARID ENVIRONMENT84085011476010.21608/jesaun.2013.114760ENA. K. Abdel-LahDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptJournal Article20121225<span>During recent years, Egypt water treatment plants allocated on the banks of River Nile have faced few accidents of hydrocarbon spills into the River which forced the operators to shout down many plants from Aswan to Cairo. Nevertheless, water supply applying the natural and low-cost technique called riverbank filtration "RBF" has been used worldwide. For more than 100 years, RBF that has been used in Europe for public and industrial water supply along Rhine, Elbe, and Danube rivers. In RBF method, the surface water contaminants are removed or degraded as the infiltrating water moves from the river or lake to the abstraction wells. Physical, chemical, and biological treatment processes occur during this technique. In this work, RBF site which is located in east bank of river Nile at Upper Egypt was investigated. This site was established to supply potable water to the construction staff of about 3000 residents, of the new Naga Hammadi Barrage, Qena governorate. It consists of two productive wells of 55 m depth located at 100 m apart from River Nile. No further treatment processes were used except disinfection applying chlorine as calcium hypochlorite. Water samples from abstraction wells were collected for physiochemical and microbiological measurements. Quality analysis of the samples indicates that the produced water using RBF technique complies with allowable standards for drinking purposes. The results have proven RBF effectiveness for water supply from river Nile in Upper Egypt and motivate its integration with tradition plants to secure water supply from Nile during the chemical pollution of Nile.</span>Assiut University, Faculty of EngineeringJES. Journal of Engineering Sciences1687-053041No 320130501EQUIVALENT STRUT WIDTH FOR MODELING R.C. INFILLED FRAMES85186611476310.21608/jesaun.2013.114763ENK. H. AbdelkareemCivil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut UniversityF. K. Abdel SayedCivil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut UniversityM. H. AhmedCivil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut UniversityN. AL-MekhlafyCivil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut UniversityJournal Article20130115<span>The macro-models method is one of the main categories for modeling infills based on the equivalent strut method. The basic parameter of these struts is their equivalent width, which affects the stiffness and strength. This paper presents a general review of several expressions proposed by researchers to calculate this equivalent width. The comparative study of different expressions shows that the Paulay and Priestley equation is the most suitable choice for calculating the diagonal equivalent strut width, due to its simplicity and because it gives an approximate average value among those studied in this paper. Consequently, the model will be used in our further study for analysis of RC infilled frames.</span>Assiut University, Faculty of EngineeringJES. Journal of Engineering Sciences1687-053041No 320130501THE INFLUENCE OF RESIN MODIFIERS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF HOT MIX ASPHALT86788511476610.21608/jesaun.2013.114766ENMostafa Deep HashemCivil Eng Department, Faculty of Engineering, El-Minia University, El-Minia, EgyptN. K. RashwanCivil Eng. Dept., Industrial Education College, Beni-Suef, EGYPTJournal Article20121211<span>In order to study the influence of resin modifiers materials on the performance of hot mix asphalts (HMA), two types of resin modifiers were selected. One was anUnsaturated Polyester Resin (UPR) and the other was an Epoxy Resin (ER). Also, unsaturated polyester resin mixed with 3% epoxy resin (UPRER) was used according to test results, which gave preference to 3% additions. Marshal test was conducted to study the stability, flow, bulk density, air voids (AV), voids in mineral aggregate (VMA) and voids filled with bitumen (VFA) for controlled hot asphalt mixtures and resin: modified mixtures at various resin modifiers contents. A computer program named BISAR was also used to determine the total stress, strain and displacement in x-y, and z-direction for flexible pavements constructed with these hot mix asphalts modified with resin additives.Experimental results showed that all resin-modified asphalt mixtures have higher flow, bulk density and VFA compared with control mixture. The stability of asphalt mixtures with UPPER was always higher than the control mixture. Unlike, for type ER and UPR the stability was lower than the control mixture up to 1% and 2% respectively then they increase. The UPRER gave higher stability, flow, AV and VMA than the other types. Moreover, the UPR gave the highest value of bulk density and VFA. The maximum stability occurs at 3% resin modifiers content for all types. The total stress and strain relatively increase with the increase of mix depth till 10 cm, then they decrease for all types of resin modifiers. The maximum total stresses and strain in case of UPRER are higher values than those achieved by ER and UPR respectively. The total displacement in case of UPRER is higher than that achieved by ER and UPR respectively. As resin modifiers can improve the field performance of asphalt mixes comprehensively, they will be of great benefit to the engineering field.</span>Assiut University, Faculty of EngineeringJES. Journal of Engineering Sciences1687-053041No 320130501تأثير سماکة النفق الدائري المقطع على التشوهات النسبية تحت تأثير الأحمال الزلزالية88689911476910.21608/jesaun.2013.114769ENNagib N.Faculty of Structural Engineering, Damascus University, Syria.Mustafa B.Faculty of Structural Engineering, Damascus University, Syria.Ibrahim H.Faculty of Structural Engineering, Damascus University, Syria.Journal Article20130123<span>The earthquake causes serious damage in the tunnel. Many factors control these damages such as soil type, seismic intensity and the properties of the tunnel wall. In this research, the effect of the thickness of the circular section was studied under seismic loads. Finite Element Analysis was used to demonstrate the behavior of tunnel wall using Materially Non-Linear Analysis (MNA) for both the soil and the lining. This research shows that using inelastic analysis for the lining provides higher local damages. Moreover, it is concluded that a critical thickness is related to the intensity of the earthquake. At this critical thickness, earlier collapse can be occurred.</span>Assiut University, Faculty of EngineeringJES. Journal of Engineering Sciences1687-053041No 320130501INNOVATING IMPERMEABLE CONCRETE APPROPRIATE FOR CANAL LINING USING A SPECIFIC MIXING RATIO AND APPLYING IT TO A PILOT REACH90091811477110.21608/jesaun.2013.114771ENM. I. Abu-KhashabaAssociate Professor, Construction Research Institute, Delta Barrages, Egypt.Journal Article20130323<span>This research was initiated with the objective of innovating impermeable concrete appropriate for canal lining (i.e. to improve their function, as they lose water through evaporation, seepage and leakage) using a specific mixing ratio (i.e. adapting additives employed for linings). A new mixture (i.e. consisting of mortar, limestone powder and a chemical engineering admixture "EN-1 RBS", mainly defined as a permeability reducing admixture) was proposed to be investigated. Moreover; it was applied to a pilot reach and its effect was examined. Different concrete and mortar mixes with/without admixture were designed and were experimentally investigated to examine the effect of EN-1 on the characteristics of both concrete and mortar mixes as well as their permeability. The examined water content ratios (w/c) were 0.45 and 0.60. EN-1 with different concentrations was also evaluated. The results proved that the permeability/microstructure of EN-1 mixes, as well as its long-term performance, was satisfactorily improved. The piezometer readings, behind the lining with EN-1, were less than that of ordinary lining which indicated the capability of EN-1 in reducing water losses. The difference in the coefficient of permeability reached 61.50% and 81% for the field and laboratory tested, respectively. For the concrete mix with w/c of 0.60, the reduction obtained in the ISAT results was in the range of 38% to 71%, using different EN-1 concentrations. Furthermore, under certain circumstances, the tensile properties, of the new mix for both concrete and mortar (with EN-1 admixture), were enhanced.</span>Assiut University, Faculty of EngineeringJES. Journal of Engineering Sciences1687-053041No 320130501THE IMPACT OF THE TIME WHEN CASTING THE SECOND LAYER OF CONCRETE ON ITS MECHANICAL PROPERTIES91992911477410.21608/jesaun.2013.114774ENH. A. MohamadienCivil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptJournal Article20130316<span>Cold joint is one of concreting problem due to delay of casting the second layer. This is due to glitch of one of mechanical machines such as the concrete mixer, concrete truck, concrete batching plants, concrete pumps, and concrete mobile; that cause the stopping of the casting process which produce forced separator. Forced separation is different from known separators like: construction joint, expansion joint and settlement joint, where its location event and shape cannot be determined moreover the design engineer cannot put that in mind during the design phase of building construction. Therefore, the target in this work is to study the effect of delay in time period when casting the second layer of concrete after 4, 9, and 16 hour for two types of concrete with compressive strength 250 kg/cm2 and 300 kg/cm2. Eexperimental work was performed at laboratory to investigate the mechanical properties of concrete (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength), first when sprinkle the first layer with water before casting and second when coated with a grout material.The results were investigated and it indicates that, in case of delaying in the time period for casting the second layer, there is a great effect on the mechanical properties of concrete and the use of grout coating material in forced separation has a positive impact on improving its mechanical properties.</span>Assiut University, Faculty of EngineeringJES. Journal of Engineering Sciences1687-053041No 320130501BURR FORMATION IN ALUMINUM AND STEEL HOLES DRILLED BY A BENCH DRILL WITH A SPINDLE-MOUNTED SPRING93094611477510.21608/jesaun.2013.114775ENM. A. A. El-GendyDirector, Labor University workshops, Assiut, EgyptA. A. NasrMechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut UniversityMahmoud A. El-ShariefMechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut UniversityJournal Article20120721<span>Modern industrial operations wouldn't accept old defects to be present in the new products, especially that many products include electronic parts or connections that are very sensitive to the level of finish. Burr formation in drilling operations causes products to be rejected or sent for deburring. Since deburring is a costly and non-value-added operation, the understanding and control of burr formation is a research topic with high relevance to industrial applications. In order to investigate and improve burr formation, a spring was mounted over the bench drill spindle to measure the cutting force and attempt to know its influence on the burr outcome of the operation.</span>Assiut University, Faculty of EngineeringJES. Journal of Engineering Sciences1687-053041No 320130501THREE DIMENSIONAL HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS THROUGH A LINEAR GAS TURBINE CASCADE94797011477610.21608/jesaun.2013.114776ENH. M. El-BatshMechanical Engineering Department, Benha Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, EgyptS. A. NadaMechanical Engineering Department, Benha Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, EgyptS. N. AbdoMechanical Engineering Department, Benha Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, EgyptA. MohamedMechanical Engineering Department, Benha Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, EgyptJournal Article20120901<span>This study presents experimental and numerical investigation for three-dimensional heat transfer characteristics in a turbine blade. An experimental set-up was installed with a turbine cascade of five blade channels. Blade heat transfer measurements were performed for the middle channel under uniform heat flux boundary conditions. Heat was supplied to the blades using twenty-nine electric heating strips cemented vertically on the outer surface of the blades. Distributions of heat transfer coefficient were obtained at three levels through blade height by measuring surface temperature distribution using thermocouples. To understand heat transfer characteristics, surface static pressure distributions on blade surface were also measured. Numerical investigation was performed as well to extend the investigation to locations other than those measured experimentally. Three-dimensional non-isothermal, turbulent flow was obtained by solving Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes Equations and energy equation. The Shear stress Transport k- model was employed to represent turbulent flow. It was found through this study that secondary flow generated by flow deflection increases heat transfer coefficient on the blade suction surface. Separation lines with high heat transfer coefficients were predicted numerically with good agreement to the experimental measurements.</span>Assiut University, Faculty of EngineeringJES. Journal of Engineering Sciences1687-053041No 320130501STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF USING ACETIC ACID IN CONDENSER DE-SCALING ON THE EXHAUST EMISSIONS AND THE PERFORMANCE OF ASSIUT THERMAL POWER PLANT97199611477710.21608/jesaun.2013.114777ENM. F. BadyMechanical Eng. Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut (71516), EGYPTH. M. HassanienStudy Research and Development Sector, Assiut Power Plant, Assiut (71111), EGYPTS. A. S. MousaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt.A. M. K. El-DeanDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut (71516), EGYPT.Journal Article20130327<span>In the present study, an investigation of the effect of using acetic acid (CH3COOH) in condenser de-scaling on the exhaust emissions and the performance of Assiut Thermal Power Plant. Efficient condenser operation maintains turbine efficiency; benefits consumers by reducing the amount of emissions. Condenser vacuum has a great effect on the unit efficiency to a degree that it reduces the generated load by 112 MW (35.9%) in unit one of Assiut Power Plant and to the extent that cleaning became very necessary. From environmentally point of view an organic, biodegradable, locally produced, effective and cheap de-scaling agent was the very applicable one and this meet with acetic acid. Actually, condenser cleaning leads to an improvement in the turbine efficiency and raises the maximum load generated from the unit (from 200 MW before cleaning to 290 MW after cleaning), decreases fuel consumed for MW (from 249 kg/MWh at load 200 MW to 220 kg/MWh at load 290 MW), reduces the overall fuel consumption, consequently, reduces emissions as CO, CO2, SOx, NOx, ground level ozone, PM, VOC, ashes, solid deposits, haze, thermal pollution, and reduces contribution to global warming, heat island effect at Assiut city. In brief, the condenser cleaning process reduces the environmental pollution from the unit which in turn minimizes the health impact of these pollutants.</span>Assiut University, Faculty of EngineeringJES. Journal of Engineering Sciences1687-053041No 320130501ASSESSMENT OF URBAN AIR QUALITY IN ASSIUT CITY-EGYPT BASED ON FULL SCALE MEASUREMENTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS997102011477810.21608/jesaun.2013.114778ENM. BadyDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), P.O. Box 179, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934, EgyptJournal Article20130213<span>This study presents an assessment of the air quality in Assiut city, Egypt; in summer and in winter seasons. Full-scale measurements at four selected sites located within Assiut city are carried out using a mobile monitoring unit. The major air pollutants for which the variation of daily concentration were obtained from full-scale measurements are; sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particle matter (PM10) and carbon monoxide (CO). The air quality analysis has been performed using the Air Quality Index (AQI) based on the four measured pollutants. The assessment criteria of air quality are classified according to the categories set by EPA as: good, moderate, unhealthful, very unhealthful and hazardous. The study results indicate that; the air pollution levels in Assiut city reached very high concentrations due to a combination of emissions from a number of different sources and adverse weather conditions. The determined AQI value exceeded the standard value of 500 in summer. It is about 2.5 times the extreme limit of 500 in almost all sites. In winter, the AQI values are below 500 in all measurement sites. However, in both seasons, the AQI values reflect hazardous air quality conditions in almost all measurement sites. The pollutant that is responsible for the worse air quality in almost cases is the suspended particulate matter (PM10). Such results reflect that the main air pollution problem in Assiut, Egypt is the level of dust.</span>Assiut University, Faculty of EngineeringJES. Journal of Engineering Sciences1687-053041No 320130501PREDICTION OF MACHINING OPERATIONS AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK1021104411477910.21608/jesaun.2013.114779ENO. B. AbouelattaProduction Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt.Journal Article20130211<span>Surface roughness is considered as one of the most specified customer requirements in machining processes. For efficient use of machine tools, selection of machining process and determination of optimal cutting parameters (speed, feed and depth of cut) are required. Therefore, it is necessary to find a suitable way to select and to find optimal machining process and cutting parameters for a specified surface roughness values. In this work, machining process was carried out on AISI 1040 steel in dry cutting condition in a lathe, milling and grinding machines and surface roughness was measured. Forty five experiments have been conducted using varying speed, feed, and depth of cut in order to find the surface roughness parameters. This data has been divided into two sets on a random basis; 36 training data set and 9 testing data set. The training data set has been used to train different artificial neural network (ANN) models in order to predict machining processes and surface roughness parameter values through back propagation network. Experimental data collected from tests were used as input parameters of a neural network to identify the sensitivity among machining operations, cutting parameters and surface roughness. Selected indexes were used to design a suitable algorithm for the prediction of machining processes. A software was developed and implemented to predict the machining processes and surface roughness values. The results showed that the proposed models are capable of predicting machining operations, cutting parameters and surface roughness.</span>Assiut University, Faculty of EngineeringJES. Journal of Engineering Sciences1687-053041No 320130501SIMULATION MODELING OF PRODUCTION LINES: A CASE STUDY OF CEMENT PRODUCTION LINE1045105311478010.21608/jesaun.2013.114780ENM. HeshmatMechanical Engineering Department – Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, 71516 AssiutM. A. El-ShariefMechanical Engineering Department – Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, 71516 AssiutM. G. El- SebaieMechanical Engineering Department – Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, 71516 AssiutJournal Article20121203<span>Modeling and simulation of production lines is considered to be important for designers who are interested in: Work-load Allocation Problem (WAP), Server Allocation Problem (SAP), and Buffer Allocation Problem (BAP). This paper studies and analyzes a real cement production line as a case study. A simulation model is developed by ARENA software and used to analyze and test several bottlenecks that are causing severe congestions in different areas on the production line and could resolve all of these bottlenecks. Workstation failure data is collected along one year to obtain the machines failure behaviors. This paper searches for the optimum buffer sizes with the increase of the production rate. An actual cement production line is studied and analyzed by the simulation model from stem to stern. After a simulation replication time of 12 days, a simulation results show the line bottlenecks, workstations utilization, buffer capacities and the line production rate. To resolve the bottlenecks, a redesign of allocation of buffers which verify an optimum size could be made and it might be taken into consideration when designers implement this line. Finally modified optimum workstations utilization, buffer capacities and the line production rate with an increase about more than 15% of the production rate and economizing of 34 % of buffer capacities.</span>Assiut University, Faculty of EngineeringJES. Journal of Engineering Sciences1687-053041No 320130501PERFORMANCE STUDY OF GENERATOR AIR COOLERS FOR THE HYDRO-POWER PLANT AT ASWAN HIGH DAM1054107711478110.21608/jesaun.2013.114781ENA. KahoulHydro-Power Generation Company, Aswan, EgyptH. M. ShafeyMechanical Eng. Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptA. K. Abdel-RahmanMechanical Eng. Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptJournal Article20130310<span>This paper presents a comparative experimental study on the performance characteristics of the circulating air coolers for the generators of the hydro-power plant of the High Dam in Aswan. The study considers two different air-water cooler designs of cross flow finned tubes heat exchangers working under varying operating conditions. The circulating air temperatures and the cooling water pressures for twelve coolers in each of the twelve units of the hydro-power plant were measured and analyzed to obtain useful results describing the cooler performance. The experimental results are based on measurements over total time duration of 1008 operating hours covering 42 summer days. The results are discussed to investigate the effects of time variation of the generated power, and the locations of the coolers and the power units on the performance of both cooler designs. The results of the actual fouling factor indicate that both coolers were designed with excess surface area to work well for long periods. The agreement of the experimental results with the commonly used effectiveness empirical relation indicates the proper performance of the working coolers. On the other hand, the discussion of the results showed the malfunction of some coolers due to the blockage of their damaged tubes. The overall performance of the air coolers in most power units of the plant maintains good flow behaviour of the hot air and uniformity of its temperature at levels sufficiently below the normal design temperature range for the generators of most power units.</span>Assiut University, Faculty of EngineeringJES. Journal of Engineering Sciences1687-053041No 320130501NUMERICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF NOVEL HIGH-GAIN CIRCULARLY-POLARIZED HYBRID ANTENNA FOR MILLIMETER-WAVE DETECTION AND IMAGING APPLICATIONS1078110011478210.21608/jesaun.2013.114782ENO. M. HarazElectrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut
71515, Arab Republic of EgyptJournal Article20130216<span>A new improved high gain circularly-polarized antenna for millimeter-wave (MMW) applications is introduced in this paper. The proposed antenna consists of a microstrip rectangular patch radiator with corner-chopped fed by a rectangular aperture in the ground plane. To increase the antenna gain, a hollow rectangular ring dielectric resonator (DR) is installed. The DR and microstrip patch radiator together become as a single antenna element with increased gain. Extensive parametric studies are performed to address the effect of varying the antenna parameters on the operational frequency bandwidth. For further gain enhancement, a hemi-spherical dielectric lens made of high-dielectric constant is installed above the proposed antenna. Simulated results using Computer System Technology Microwave Studio (CST MWS) software programs based on finite integral numerical modeling technique (FIT) have been presented. The proposed novel antenna is considered a good candidate for circularly-polarized and high gain MMW applications for microwave detection and imaging applications.</span>Assiut University, Faculty of EngineeringJES. Journal of Engineering Sciences1687-053041No 320130501QKD PROTOCOL BASED ON PHOTON POLARIZATIONWITH 6-BIT PER PHOTON1101110911478310.21608/jesaun.2013.114783ENM. MohamedElectronics and communication Dept. faculty of Eng. MSA UniversityT. A. MoniemFaculty of engineering, Communication and Electronics Dept. IAEMS, Cairo-EgyptJournal Article20121014<span>The paper introduces a quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme which generates 6-bits per each transmitted photon. The efficiency of our protocol is 100% like quantum dense key distribution but with 6 bits per photon instead of 4-bits per photon. The proposed protocol improves the efficiency of BB84 and the biased BB84 which use 1-bit per photon.</span>Assiut University, Faculty of EngineeringJES. Journal of Engineering Sciences1687-053041No 320130501CURRENT CONTROLLED VSC FOR REACTANCE MODULATION AND VOLTAGE DROP COMPENSATION ON POWER TRANSMISSION LINES1110112611478410.21608/jesaun.2013.114784ENM. A. NomanElectrical Engineering Department, Al Baha University, Saudi ArabiaS. A. Al-GhamdiElectrical Engineering Department, Al Baha University, Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20121122<span>Reactance modulation of power transmission lines has great effects on load voltage control and on the stability of power transmission. Steady state voltage control can be easily achieved with conventional control devices such as switchable capacitors and reactors, while transient voltage control requires faster and more effective means of control [1]. In this paper, the transient voltage control is achieved by modulation of the net reactance of the transmission line using Voltage Drop Compensator (VDC) through hysteresis switching of a dc current from Voltage Source Converter (VSC) to charge/discharge a capacitor in series with the line. Modulation of the capacitor voltage by dc current from VSC improves the voltage control of the load, reduces the voltage drop on the transmission line, and improves the stability of the power transfer [2-4]. High frequency switching of the capacitor through charging/discharging process ensures faster response to transients in the input voltage and prevents it from appearing in the load. Fast response to variation in the input supply is done by comparing the load voltage to a sinusoidal reference voltage every time this voltage deviates from a fixed hysteresis window. Under this method of capacitor voltage control, no control is exerted on the dc current from VSC which can reach hundred amperes. In this paper a dc current controller is introduced to limit the dc current from VSC to a any value desired or to any other value necessary to keep the load voltage sinusoidal.</span>Assiut University, Faculty of EngineeringJES. Journal of Engineering Sciences1687-053041No 320130501Optimal SSSC Design for Damping Power Systems Oscillations via Hybrid BFOA-PSO Approach1127115011478510.21608/jesaun.2013.114785ENE. S. AliElectric Power and Machine Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptS. M. Abd-ElazimElectric Power and Machine Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptJournal Article20121226<span>A novel hybrid approach involving Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm (BFOA) called Bacterial Swarm Optimization (BSO) is illustrated for designing Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) for single and multimachine power systems. In BSO, the search directions of tumble behavior for each bacterium are oriented by the individual‟s best location and the global best location of PSO. The proposed hybrid algorithm has been extensively compared with the original BFOA algorithm and the PSO algorithm. Simulation results have shown the validity of the proposed BSO in tuning PSSs compared with BFOA and PSO. Moreover, the results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller to improve the power systems stability over a wide range of loading conditions.</span>Assiut University, Faculty of EngineeringJES. Journal of Engineering Sciences1687-053041No 320130501VARIANTS OF HB PROTOCOLS FOR RFID SECURITY1151117411478610.21608/jesaun.2013.114786ENS. A. AliElectrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut UniversityM. HardanElectrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut UniversityJournal Article20130318<span>Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) has received recently a great attention from large organizations and researchers due to the dropping tag costs and vigorous RFID standardization. They are becoming more common in daily use to identify, locate and track people, assets, and animals. Number of protocols has been proposed in the literature for the security of RFID against passive attacks. One of the well-known protocols is the HB family protocol which utilizes the complexity of decoding linear codes for RFID security against passive attacks. The nonlinear HB (NLHB) is one member of the HB family protocol which achieves high security by reducing the provably hard problem of decoding a class of nonlinear codes to passive attacks. This paper introduces Multi-Nonlinear Stages to the HB protocol to enhance its security against passive attacks. More specifically, the paper presents two Multi-Nonlinear versions of the HB protocol; Double-Nonlinear HB (DNLHB), and Triple-Nonlinear HB (TNLHB). The proposed protocols increase significantly the security of RFID systems against passive attacks at a lower implementation cost.</span>Assiut University, Faculty of EngineeringJES. Journal of Engineering Sciences1687-053041No 320130501DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL OBJECT ORIENTED COHESION METRIC1175118811478710.21608/jesaun.2013.114787ENS. A. SalemDepartment of Electronics, Communications & Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Helwan, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20130314<span>Class cohesion is considered as one of the most important software quality assessment. Unfortunately, most of cohesion metrics that have been developed do not consider the different intersections among class elements in measuring class cohesion. This paper introduces a novel class cohesion metric which considers the different cohesion intersections. The proposed cohesion metric is tested on more than 35K classes from 16 open-source projects. Experimental results show that the proposed cohesion metric achieves a higher discrimination power along with a vast difference compared with other competitive and well known cohesion metrics. Therefore, it is highly recommended to use the proposed metric for evaluating the software design quality.</span>Assiut University, Faculty of EngineeringJES. Journal of Engineering Sciences1687-053041No 320130501THE INFLUENCE OF CHANGING HUMAN ASPECTS ON PLAZA SPACES IN OLD SANA'A CITY1189121111478810.21608/jesaun.2013.114788ENS. M. AnasDepartment of Architecture Faculty of Engineering Assiut UniversityM. A. MosaDepartment of Architecture Faculty of Engineering Assiut UniversitySh. El-Kadi El-KadiDepartment of Architecture Faculty of Engineering Assiut UniversityE. A. MorghanyDepartment of Architecture Faculty of Engineering Assiut UniversityJournal Article20111110<span>Plaza spaces in Old Sana'a City are distinguished by their formations deeply rooted in history, with magnificent artistic, architectural, and historic values that reflect man's creativity and distinction in that place. They are also a major component of the material heritage environment that embraced the immaterial heritage embedded in the different human aspects of the city's residents. Over centuries, various human activities followed (social, economic, cultural, and political), causing plazas to have all inherited values of the cultural heritage as well as the product of man's relationship with the surroundings. The problem discussed here is that plaza spaces in Old Sana'a lack vitality within the urban texture of the city. This is because the original human role, previously tangible, disappeared. These spaces were not only formed by material elements (buildings), but the local community had a crucial role in forming them through circulation. These spaces were vivid all the time because of the social, cultural, and economic activities that were held in their purview. Now, most plazas are deserted, their functions altered, and are not significant to people as was the case in the past. The research aiming at reviving plazas as an important space in the forming the urban texture of Old Sana'a City. To achieve the aim of the research, the inferring analytical methodology was adopted. The first part of the research is concerned with studying plaza spaces in Old Sana'a City, their types, and function in the heritage environment of the city. The second part of the study addresses an analysis of the human aspects of the society and their role in setting the plaza space. The third part reviews the major changes that influenced the human aspects, and the major factors that contributed to the vanishing of the human role in plaza spaces – leading to neglect, deterioration, and consequently lack of interest in the heritage environment surrounding these spaces. The fourth part will set proposals for reviving the human role in plaza spaces of the Old Sana'a City, in order to revitalize these spaces within the Old City. The final part displays results and recommendation drawn from the study. The research concludes that factors contributing to making changes in the human aspects related to plaza spaces in Old Sana'a include: immigration, cultural and economic opening, and the technological progress after the 1962 revolution, as well as the take over by the republican regimen. There is a need for enhancing and supporting human activities related to the traditional social and cultural values of the society, in addition to creating new activities that achieve sustainability for these spaces to act efficiently within the texture of the city.</span>Assiut University, Faculty of EngineeringJES. Journal of Engineering Sciences1687-053041No 320130501Guide for Maintenance of Educational Buildings “Elementary Education Buildings in Hadramout cities as a Case Study"1212123711478910.21608/jesaun.2013.114789ENH. H. . AlbeityDepartment of Architecture- Faculty of Engineering – Assiut UniversityM. M. RadwanDepartment of Architecture- Faculty of Engineering – Assiut UniversityM. A. EidDepartment of Architecture- Faculty of Engineering – Assiut UniversityM. A. YosefDepartment of Architecture- Faculty of Engineering – Assiut UniversityJournal Article20121104<span>The Preservation of Educational Buildings and their sustainable maintenance and renewal is of great importance. these buildings represent a vital role in the development of the society. The aim of this study is to provide a pilot manual for the Maintenance of the Educational Buildings. The Study address the following points: 1 - The Introduction: includes (Problem, Objective, Methodology of the Study). 2 – Theoretical approach; Definition of the Concept of Maintenance, as addressed in previous studies. types of Maintenance, the most important activities associated with the Maintenance in Educational Buildings, organizational aspects of the technical and Administrative Maintenance. 3 - Manual for Maintenance in School Buildings and how to be used. 4 - Results and recommendations.</span>Assiut University, Faculty of EngineeringJES. Journal of Engineering Sciences1687-053041No 320130501THE MECHANISMS OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE TO REACH TO THE URBAN SUSTAINABILITY ENVIRONMENT1238125811479010.21608/jesaun.2013.114790ENDalia Hussein Mohamed EldardiryAssistant Professor - Faculty of design - University of Dammam, Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20121007<span>Landscape Architecture Contribute in the design of open outdoor spaces and intra areas between buildings. It prepares the urban design in a right and appropriate way to influence the visual perception of the population and to improve and transcends the urban environment and urban areas, which are affected by the three elements; nature and man and the built environment, The study aims to look into the possibility of finding system by which the implementation of mechanisms to provide urban product, that interacts positively with the characteristics of the different and various types of the Arab region. The effected elements, the amount of interaction, and its impact are extrapolated by understanding frameworks study Landscape Architecture. Those to improve the conditions and quality of building areas through the comprehensive look futuristic based on communication and sustainability, and make the best use of resources available in the city. The study is divided based on a review of several questions that clarify the quality of the urban product that respects the environmental dimension. The study hypothesis is: "The improving of the surrounding landscape architecture helps to reach to the highest rates of sustainability of urban areas and achieve a balanced manner." The methodology of the research is the analytical method for the elements of the system of landscape architecture. The research explains the relationship and the interlocking of the landscape architecture elements and the environment. The impact of this entanglement appears in the urban product status. The study concludes and recommends the mechanisms of landscape architecture to reach to the urban sustainability environment and reach to a system pilot being used to achieve sustainability of the building and be applicable areas flexibly and easily.</span>Assiut University, Faculty of EngineeringJES. Journal of Engineering Sciences1687-053041No 320130501EVALUATION OF COMMERICAL SERVICES IN ASSIUT CITY CENTER AT 20101259128511479110.21608/jesaun.2013.114791ENAber KamalDepartment of Architecture- Faculty of Engineering – Assiut UniversityOlaa Abed_ElmaogodDepartment of Architecture- Faculty of Engineering – Assiut UniversityMohamed Abed_ElwahabDepartment of Architecture- Faculty of Engineering – Assiut UniversityJournal Article20120719<span>commercial services represent an important type of service in Egyptian cities. As the population grows, such services grow and extend without any laws or regulation for controlling this growth. Hence, this paper aims to study the efficiency of spreading such services in Egyptian cities, particularly down town, by analyzing the current situation of commercial services qualitatively and quantitatively in Assiut city center. Then the situation was compared to standard planning criteria to find out how efficient services in these areas are. The analytical method was adopted through addressing the commercial services planning criteria in the city center. Such criteria were later used in evaluating the efficiency of such services in Assiut city center. The inductive method was used in studying the distribution and area of commercial services in this zone. The paper concludes with a number of findings by which the efficiency of such services in this zone were evaluated in light of the planning rates & criteria; in order to find out the merits and demerits for meeting the needs of the population.</span>Assiut University, Faculty of EngineeringJES. Journal of Engineering Sciences1687-053041No 320130501CRITERIA FOR THE LIMITATIONS OFOPTIMAL EFFICIENCY OF CITIESABSTRACT1286130411479210.21608/jesaun.2013.114792ENOsama HelmyDepartment of Architecture- Faculty of Engineering – Minia UniversityRiam ElmorshedyDepartment of Architecture- Faculty of Engineering – Minia UniversityJournal Article20120709<span>The continuous increase of building area is one of the most important phenomenons which occur in urban areas. This phenomenon may seem purely as physical urban problem, although it is affecting all life aspects like economy, society, environment …etc. Determining the city optimal size and management of cities has became the focus of attention of economists, sociologists and planners since the emergence of cities on the sixteenth century. In that period various standards were initiated to determine the city optimal size, with no specific values for its size compatible with the changes and developments. This caused continuous changes of the limits of the city optimal efficiency from time to time. This paper explores this phenomenon (the increasing of building areas), and aims to determine the factors affecting limits of the city optimal efficiency, which is named "as City Optimal Size” that complies with different environmental, economical, technological consideration.... etc., taking into account the various changes over time.</span>Assiut University, Faculty of EngineeringJES. Journal of Engineering Sciences1687-053041No 320130501Criteria and indicators for assessing School Buildings as an input for a development decision1305132711479310.21608/jesaun.2013.114793ENH. H. ElbeityDepartment of Architecture- Faculty of Engineering – Assiut UniversityM. M. RadwanDepartment of Architecture- Faculty of Engineering – Assiut UniversityM. A. EidDepartment of Architecture- Faculty of Engineering – Assiut UniversityM. A. YosefDepartment of Architecture- Faculty of Engineering – Assiut UniversityJournal Article20121117<span>Eeducational environments have a great effect in creating the right atmosphere for students and encouraging their mental and physical creativity. In spite of caring given by the state of Yemen to provide free education, it has been faced with rapid growth of cities, making the educational institution and the local administrations of the cities of Yemen suffer from a lot of problematic pressure in finding learning environments responsive to the needs of its users. Educational buildings didn’t have the necessary attention in the design and implementation processes which contributed significantly to the low quality of the building, and therefore a low level of student scientific achievement. In order for such educational administrations to avoid these negatives and deciding development of the school building – either by extensions, renovations, or constructing new ones - there must be an effective means to allow for a proper evaluation process, and to make schools more responsive to the needs of its users. The research methodology is based on analytical approach for the content of previous studies related to the specifications and characteristics of the good school environment, which improve educational outcomes, also analyzing the most important methods for assessing school buildings to conclude criteria and indicators for assessing school buildings due to the conditions of the study area. The study concluded that the decision of developing the school building should be based on the results of the evaluation according to: 1. a collection of standards that cannot be downgraded, such as walking distances traveled by students to and from school, and student's share of the educational space, and other necessary standards for appropriate educational process. 2. criteria that require the opinions of users and architects working in the office of the Ministry of Education in province of Hadramout in Yemen due to the difference between conditions of the population in the study area and Egyptian and global conditions, and also to be possible to develop specific criteria for Yemen later on.</span>Assiut University, Faculty of EngineeringJES. Journal of Engineering Sciences1687-053041No 320130501EXPERTS' OPINIONS OF FACTORS AFFECTING SERVICE-RELATED COMMERICAL LAND USE PATTERN: THE CASE OF ALKHOBAR CITY1328135111479410.21608/jesaun.2013.114794ENM. A. AbdellatifDepartment of Urban & Regional Planning College of Architecture and Planning, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi ArabiaK. M. ManiruzzamanDepartment of Urban & Regional Planning College of Architecture and Planning, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi ArabiaB. A. Al-NuaimDepartment of Urban & Regional Planning College of Architecture and Planning, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20130408Due to shortage of local research in Saudi Arabia dealing with land use planning in general and service-related commercial land use in specific, there is a lack of sound understanding among professionals dealing with land use planning, which in turn causes a large disparity in urban structure in the current Saudi cities. The main goal of the study is to determine the factors affecting service-related commercial land use pattern in Alkhobar City, in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study accomplished this aim by conducting a literature review and a field questionnaire survey applied on a sample of planning experts to verify stated hypothesis defining the factors affecting service-related commercial land use pattern. Principle Component Analysis and Regression Analysis were used to define these factors and the level of impact for each foctor. The study found that service-related commercial land use pattern is determined by factors related to the site spatial planning and regulations and strategic issues. These factors include road width, availability of landscape elements, accessibility, mobility, land use regulations, land use mechanism and availability of commercial lands for population.
Assiut University, Faculty of EngineeringJES. Journal of Engineering Sciences1687-053041No 320130501TRACER STUDY INVESTIGATION INTO HYDRODYNAMIC VORTEX SEPARATOR CHARACTERIZATION1352136311479510.21608/jesaun.2013.114795ENAli Elsaeh EnbaiaPetroleum Engineering Department, School of Engineering and Sciences, Curtin University. CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, MalaysiaSalah Musa AlgarmadiGeology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Liverpool University, Liverpool, United KingdomJournal Article20121120<span>This study describes the macromixing within a hydrodynamic vortex separator and considers its potential as a disinfectant contact tank. It is typically used in the sedimentation process during the treatment of sewage. The macromixing was investigated by conducting tracer experiments from which are retention time distribution was obtained and interpreted to characterize the mixing. The separator was operated in a continuous mode with no base flow, and the retention-time distribution was obtained using a pulse input for a range of the flow-rates. The method of moments was used to obtain various functions such as axial dispersion and tanks-in-series model parameters. The study revealed that the HDVS is best treated as an imperfect plug-flow mixing device with a large amount of dispersion.</span>Assiut University, Faculty of EngineeringJES. Journal of Engineering Sciences1687-053041No 320130501PANEL WIDTH AFFECTED BY ROCK MASS CLASSIFICATIONS (ABU-TARTUR PHOSPHATE MINES)1364137911479610.21608/jesaun.2013.114796ENM. A. HusseinMining and Metallurgical Engineering Dept. Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, EgyptS.S. ImbabyMining and Metallurgical Engineering Dept. Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, EgyptA. R. IbrahimMining and Metallurgical Engineering Dept. Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, EgyptJournal Article20130130<span>Rock mass classification systems consider one of the design tools, which are used in conjunction with engineering assessments and other design approaches. There are many classification systems, which are widely employed in rock engineering. In this study one of these systems is used for the selection of the optimum panel width in phosphate mine Abu-Tartur area. Geological Strength Index (GSI) is one of these systems which enables for calculations of the panel width. Data for the GSI system are obtained from geological reports, some field measurements and laboratory tests. The obtained panel width (wall length) for Abu-Tartur area is calculated to be about 100m (102m) which differs strongly from the applied length in the area (150m). So, it is recommended to apply this obtained length to secure safe mining conditions without roof falls which is the main problem facing underground mining in this area.</span>