INFLUENCE OF THE RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION ON THE DAM OPERATION – A STUDY OF ASWAN HIGH DAM IN EGYPT

Mobasher, Amir M.

doi:10.21608/jesaun.2020.120433

INFLUENCE OF THE RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION ON THE DAM OPERATION – A STUDY OF ASWAN HIGH DAM IN EGYPT

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Amir M. Mobasher

Assoc. Prof., Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

10.21608/jesaun.2020.120433

Abstract

Reservoirs are an important source of water supply, provide hydropower, reduce the deficiency influences, and provide flood protection. Due to the dam structure and reservoir founding, the releases from the dam has become more restrained and the hanging sediment concentricity summits have been decreased considerably and accumulated upstream the dam. Sediment siltation has increasingly reduced the efficiency of reservoir functionality throughout the years by declining the storage capability. Determining the reservoir sedimentation influence on the dam operation is important to holding current operation and preparing for future polices. The existing paper deals with the review and assessment of the reservoir sedimentation effect on operation of Aswan High Dam (AHD) in Egypt. A new simulation model was developed and calibrated for Aswan High Dam Reservoir (AHDR) to evaluate the reservoir sedimentation effects on the factors affecting the operation of the dam. These factors are Toshka spillway outflows, upstream water levels of AHD, dam safety, withdraw from the reservoir, the losses due to the evaporation and the hydropower generation from AHD. The results of the study displayed that the factors affecting the operation of AHD were affected due to presence of these deposits in AHDR. Therefore, the reservoir sedimentation effect should be considered to implement or develop of simulation models for AHDR.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Civil Engineering: structural, Geotechnical, reinforced concrete and steel structures, Surveying, Road and traffic engineering, water resources, Irrigation structures, Environmental and sanitary engineering, Hydraulic, Railway, construction Management.

References

[1] Walling, D. & Fang, D. (2003), “Recent trends in the suspended sediment loads of the world’s rivers,” Global Planet. change, 39:111–126.

[2] Sumi, T. & Hirose, T. (2009), “Accumulation of sediment in reservoirs, Water storage,” transport and distribution, UNESCO-IHE and EOLSS Publishers Co. Ltd., Paris, France, 224–252.

[3] Carvalho, N. O., (1998), “Sedimentation and Protection of Reservoirs,” VI National Symposium of Erosion Control, ABGE, Brazil (in Portuguese}.

[4] Kande S., (2009), "Reservoir Sedimentation and its Hydrological Impacts: A case Study of Khodiar Reservoir", Unpublished ME Dissertation, LD College of Engineering, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

[5] Obialor, C. A., Okeke, O. C., Onunkwo, A. A., Fagorite, V. I., and Ehujuo, N. N., (October 2019), "Reservoir Sedimentation: Causes, Effects And Mitigation", International Journal of Advanced Academic Research | Sciences, Technology and Engineering | ISSN: 2488-9849 Vol. 5, Issue 10.

[6] EL-Sersawy H. and Farid MS. (2005), “Overview of Sediment Transport Evaluation and Monitoring in the Nile Basin. In”. Ninth Inter. Water Tech. Conf. (NIWTC), Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt. [As reported in Amary W. Study the Sedimentation inside High Aswan Dam Reservoir, M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University; 2008].

[7] Tidwell, A. C., (December 2006), “Assessing The Impacts Of Climate Change On River Basin Management: A New Method With Application To The Nile River,” A Dissertation in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology.

[8] (MWRI, (2005), “Water for The Future, National Water Resources Plan 2017 (NWRP),” Cairo, Egypt.

[9] EL-Sersawy, H., (2005), “Sediment Deposition Mapping in Aswan High Dam Reservoir Using Geographic Information System (GIS),” Ninth Inter. Water Tech. Conf., IWTC9, Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt.

[10] Shalash, S., (1982), “Effects of Sedimentation on The Storage Capacity of The High Aswan Dam Reservoir,” Hydrobiologia 92, 623-639.

[11] Ismail, S. S., and Aziz, M., (2005), “Toshka Spillway Barrages Stability Analysis,” Ninth International Water Technology Conference, IWTC9, Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt.

[12] EL-Sersawy H. and Farid MS. (2005), “Overview of Sediment Transport Evaluation and Monitoring in the Nile Basin. In”. Ninth Inter. Water Tech. Conf. (NIWTC), Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt. [As reported in Amary W. Study the Sedimentation inside High Aswan Dam Reservoir, M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University; 2008].

[13] El-Moattassem M., Abdel-Aziz T. M., and EL-Sersawy, H., (2005), “Modeling of Sedimentation Process in Aswan High Dam Reservoir”. Ninth International Water Technology Conference, Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt.

[14] Hassan W. E., (2008), “Study of Sedimentation Inside the Lake of The High Dam,” Master Thesis, University of Al-Azhar, Cairo, Egypt.

[15] Elsaeed G. H., Aziz M. S., and Ziada W.M, (2016), “Sedimentation Analysis and Prediction for Aswan High Dam Reservoir,” Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 2016, 3(4):302-312, ISSN: 2394-2630.

[16] Moussa A. M., (2013), “Predicting the deposition in the Aswan High Dam Reservoir using a 2-D model,” Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 4, 143–153.

[17] Fahmy H., (2001), “Modification and Re-calibration of the Simulation Model of Lake Nasser,” in International Water Resources Assocation, volume 26, Number 1, pp. 129-135.

[18] El-Shazli A. and Hoermann G., (2016), “Development of storage capacity and morphology of the Aswan High Dam Reservoir,” Hydrological Sciences Journal, ISSN: 0262-6667 (Print) 2150-3435.

[19] Shafik N., (2016), “Updating the surface area and volume equations of Lake Nasser using Multibeam System, in: Nineteenth International Water Technology Conference IWTC 19, Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt.

[20] Yao, H., and Georgakakos, A. P., (June 2003), “Nile Decision Support Tool River Simulation And Management,” Georgia Water Resources Institute (GWRI), Atlanta.

[21] NRI 2012, Nile Research Institute Database, NRI, NWRC, Egypt.

[22] Ostrowski, M., (July 2014), “A Generic Mathematical Formulation of a Piecewise Linear Approximation of Nonlinear Hydrological Storage Processes,” Report in Darmstadt University of technology, Darmstadt, Germany.

[23] Sutcliffe, J. V., and Parks, Y. P., (1999), “The Hydrology of The Nile,” The Inter. Assoc. of Hydrological Sciences, IAHS Special Publication no. 5, ISBN 1-901502-75-9, UK.

[24] Georgakakos, A. P., Yao, H., and Miller, F., (May 1997), “A Decision Support System For The High Aswan Dam,” Waterpower.

[25] Hassan, R., Hekal, N., and Mansor, N., (2007), “Evaporation Reduction from Lake Naser Using New Environmentally Safe Techniques,” Eleventh International Water Technology Conference, IWTC11 Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt.

[26] Ministry of water resources and irrigation, (2013), “Proposed Climate Change Adaptation Strategy for the Ministry of Water Resources & Irrigation in Egypt,” Cairo, Egypt.